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Nuclear is much cleaner and has less environmental impacts over the life cycle of the production than other energy sources for the Finnish and European district heating markets, a study by VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland has concluded.

The specific emissions for heat produced by the LDR-50 heating plant was estimated to be 2.4 grams of CO2 per kilowatt-hour. The result was compared with other commonly used district heating fuels, such as coal, natural gas and peat, as well as various biofuels. The emissions number for the nuclear option was the lowest in the comparison. The difference was significant, especially compared with fossil fuels. Similar emissions for natural gas and hard coal, for example, were 282 gCO2/kWh and 515 gCO2/kWh, respectively. For biofuels, the values ranged from 10 to 50 gCO2eq/kWh.