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The new edition of the study by the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE on the electricity generation costs of various power plants shows that photovoltaic systems, even in combination with battery storage, now produce electricity much more cheaply than coal or gas power plants. The Fraunhofer ISE has been calculating the so-called electricity generation costs – i.e. the average generation costs per kilowatt hour of electricity – for Germany at regular intervals since 2010. The new analysis also includes the electricity generation costs for agri-photovoltaics, hydrogen power plants and new nuclear power plants for the first time. In addition to the current status for 2024, the scientists also provide a forecast for cost developments up to 2045.