CONTENTS
I. Executive Summary 2
1. Introduction 12
a. Context & Vision 12
b. Plan & Strategy 14
2. A Whole-of-Government Approach 21
a. The Agencies 21
b. Guiding Principles 23
c. The Levers 24
3. Transportation Challenges Today 28
a. Current Status 28
b. Changing Mobility Needs 30
c. Mobility Costs and Impact of Fuel Prices 32
4. Strategies to Decarbonize Transportation 34
a. Increasing Convenience by Implementing System-Level and Design Solutions 36
b. Improving Efficiency through Mode Shift and More Efficient Vehicles 43
c. Transitioning to Clean Options by Deploying Zero-Emission Vehicles and Fuels 49
5. Applying the Strategies by Transportation Mode 56
a. Light-Duty Vehicles 58
b. Medium- and Heavy-Duty On-Road Trucks and Buses 61
c. Off-Road Vehicles and Mobile Equipment 64
d. Rail 66
e. Maritime Vessels 68
f. Aviation 71
g. Pipelines 74
6. Conclusion – A Call to Action 76