Table of contents
Executive summary................................................................................................................ 8
Electric Vehicles Initiative.....................................................................................................13
Trends and developments in EV markets...........................................................................14
Electric light-duty vehicles..................................................................................................14
Electric heavy-duty vehicles...............................................................................................38
Charging infrastructure ......................................................................................................43
Batteries.............................................................................................................................55
Policy developments and corporate strategy ....................................................................63
Overview............................................................................................................................63
Policy to develop EV supply chains ...................................................................................66
Policy support for electric light-duty vehicles .....................................................................72
Policy support for electric heavy-duty vehicles ..................................................................81
Policy support for EV charging infrastructure.....................................................................83
A multiplying number of international initiatives and pledges.............................................86
Electrification plans by original equipment manufacturers (OEMs)....................................89
Global spending on electric cars continues to increase .....................................................93
Finance, venture capital and trade.....................................................................................95
Prospects for electric vehicle deployment.......................................................................107
Outlook for electric mobility..............................................................................................107
Battery demand ...............................................................................................................121
Charging infrastructure ....................................................................................................123
Impact on energy demand and emissions .......................................................................129
General annex.....................................................................................................................137