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A new study compares the life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of electric, hydrogen, natural gas and diesel trucks and buses in Europe. The results indicate a clear pathway to decarbonize the sector: Battery electric models can deliver the greatest emission reductions even when using the EU's average electricity grid mix, which is not fully renewable but will continue to improve during the lifetime of the vehicles.
The comparison of the different powertrains and fuel options reveals that battery electric trucks take the lead in reducing GHG emissions. When estimated over the whole lifetime of a battery-electric 40-ton tractor-trailer entering service in 2021, these vehicle models produce at least 63% lower emissions compared to diesel. As the grid continues to decarbonize, the emissions of these will fall—the study shows an 84% reduction of emissions when using only renewable electricity.