KETEP 세계에너지시장정보

To achieve this result, the researchers developed an additive design strategy based on hard-soft acid-base (HSAB) theory. They identified difluoro(oxalato)borate (DFOB⁻) for wide-bandgap perovskites and tetrafluoroborate (BF4⁻) for narrow-bandgap perovskites as effective additives. These additives selectively coordinate with precursor species to synchronize nucleation and crystal growth, thereby suppressing uneven vertical phase distribution and improving film uniformity.