KETEP 세계에너지시장정보

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................................................5
SCOPE OF THE ANALYSIS .......................................................................................................................................................................5
POLICY DEFINITION................................................................................................................................................................................5
POLICY JURISDICTIONS ..........................................................................................................................................................................5
POLICY TIMEFRAME................................................................................................................................................................................6
POLICY SCOPE ........................................................................................................................................................................................7
POLICY CLASSIFICATION.........................................................................................................................................................................7
APPROACH.............................................................................................................................................................................................7
CROSS-CUTTING POLICIES.................................................................................................................................8
U.S. CLIMATE ALLIANCE MEMBERSHIP .................................................................................................................................................8
CLIMATE ACTION PLANNING .................................................................................................................................................................8
CARBON PRICING POLICIES....................................................................................................................................................................9
POLICIES SUPPORTING CARBON CAPTURE, UTILIZATION AND STORAGE............................................................................................10
TAX INCENTIVES FOR CCUS................................................................................................................................................................10
Tax incentives for EOR..............................................................................................................................................................11
Class VI primacy.........................................................................................................................................................................12
Pore space ....................................................................................................................................................................................12
Unitization....................................................................................................................................................................................13
State liability transfer................................................................................................................................................................13
POLICIES SUPPORTING DIRECT AIR CAPTURE.......................................................................................................................................13
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION FUNDING ...........................................................................................................14
R&D expenditures......................................................................................................................................................................14
Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act ...............................................................................................................................14
Carbon capture, utilization and storage..............................................................................................................................15
Direct air capture .......................................................................................................................................................................15
Green hydrogen..........................................................................................................................................................................16
Energy storage ............................................................................................................................................................................16
Advanced nuclear.......................................................................................................................................................................16
Batteries........................................................................................................................................................................................16
Pumped storage..........................................................................................................................................................................17
Demonstrations and pilot projects........................................................................................................................................17
Grid.................................................................................................................................................................................................17
Bioenergy......................................................................................................................................................................................17
Loan guarantees.........................................................................................................................................................................17
DISTINCT ISSUES ..................................................................................................................................................................................18
Energy governance ....................................................................................................................................................................19
Environmental justice and remediation...............................................................................................................................21
Clean energy deployment........................................................................................................................................................22
PERMITTING .........................................................................................................................................................................................23
Transmission lines......................................................................................................................................................................23
Industrial permitting (New Source Review) ........................................................................................................................24
Permitting on federal land ......................................................................................................................................................24
Renewables..................................................................................................................................................................................24
PIPELINE SITING REGULATIONS AND PERMITTING...............................................................................................................................26
CO2 pipelines...............................................................................................................................................................................26
PHASE ONE FINAL REPORT 4
Hydrogen pipelines....................................................................................................................................................................26
Conversion of oil and gas pipelines to CO2 or hydrogen pipelines..............................................................................26
HUB PROMOTION ................................................................................................................................................................................28
ELECTRICITY SECTOR POLICIES .......................................................................................................................28
RPS POLICIES.......................................................................................................................................................................................28
TAX INCENTIVES FOR RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY GENERATION ............................................................................................................29
ENERGY STORAGE POLICY....................................................................................................................................................................31
TAX INCENTIVES FOR NUCLEAR ENERGY..............................................................................................................................................33
INDUSTRIAL/COMMERCIAL SECTOR POLICIES..............................................................................................34
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS................................................................................................................................................................34
TAX INCENTIVES AND CREDITS ............................................................................................................................................................36
CCUS tax credit...........................................................................................................................................................................36
Energy investment tax credit (ITC)........................................................................................................................................36
Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System (MACRS) ....................................................................................................36
Advanced manufacturing tax credit .....................................................................................................................................37
Energy Efficiency Incentives.....................................................................................................................................................37
DIRECT FUNDING AND SUBSIDIZED FINANCE......................................................................................................................................39
DOE Advanced Manufacturing Office (AMO) funding ....................................................................................................39
USDA Business & Industry Loan Guarantee Program and tax-exempt bonds.........................................................40
GREEN PROCUREMENT ........................................................................................................................................................................40
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ......................................................................................................................................................................41
FUELS POLICY....................................................................................................................................................42
TAX INCENTIVES...................................................................................................................................................................................42
Hydrogen......................................................................................................................................................................................42
Bioenergy......................................................................................................................................................................................42
Biofuels..........................................................................................................................................................................................45
Development opportunity assessment.................................................................................................................................47
PRICING EXTERNALITIES .......................................................................................................................................................................47
SUBSIDIES TO OIL AND GAS.................................................................................................................................................................47
SUBSIDIES TO COAL..............................................................................................................................................................................48
DECLINING FOSSIL FUEL REVENUES....................................................................................................................................................48
DECOMMISSIONING MINES AND WELLS .............................................................................................................................................49
OTHER..................................................................................................................................................................................................51
TRANSPORTATION SECTOR POLICIES............................................................................................................55
VEHICLE STANDARDS ...........................................................................................................................................................................55
VEHICLE PURCHASE INCENTIVES..........................................................................................................................................................56
FUEL STANDARDS AND SUBSIDIES.......................................................................................................................................................57
VEHICLE FUELING INFRASTRUCTURE....................................................................................................................................................58
FUTURE POLICY.................................................................................................................................................60
FRAMING FUTURE POLICY NEEDS ........................................................................................................................................................60
SPECIFIC POLICY OPTIONS ...................................................................................................................................................................63
REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................................................66