KETEP 세계에너지시장정보

1. Executive summary.....................................................................................................11
2. General energy policy.................................................................................................17
Country overview...............................................................................................................17
Energy production, supply and demand............................................................................18
Key institutions ..................................................................................................................20
Climate and energy strategy and targets ..........................................................................23
Securing the social licence for energy infrastructure ........................................................27
Diversifying Australia’s economy.......................................................................................28
Towards a people-centred strategy...................................................................................30
Energy data strategy for tracking the energy transition ....................................................32
Assessment .......................................................................................................................33
Key recommendations.......................................................................................................35
ENERGY SYSTEM TRANSFORMATION
3. Energy sector response to climate change..............................................................37
Overview ............................................................................................................................37
Energy-related greenhouse gas emissions.......................................................................38
Emission drivers and carbon intensity...............................................................................40
Australia’s energy exports and climate change ................................................................40
Climate targets...................................................................................................................41
Climate mitigation policies and measures by sector.........................................................44
Climate change adaptation................................................................................................47
Climate financing...............................................................................................................49
Assessment .......................................................................................................................50
Recommendations.............................................................................................................52
4. Energy efficiency.........................................................................................................55
Overview ............................................................................................................................55
Energy demand by sector and energy savings.................................................................56
Energy efficiency strategy and targets..............................................................................57
Energy efficiency policy strategy and governance............................................................59
Buildings ............................................................................................................................60
Industry ..............................................................................................................................64
Transport ...........................................................................................................................66
Assessment .......................................................................................................................71
Recommendations.............................................................................................................75
5. Renewable energy.......................................................................................................79
Overview ............................................................................................................................79
Renewable electricity generation ......................................................................................80
Renewable energy strategy and targets ...........................................................................81
Assessment .......................................................................................................................86
Recommendations.............................................................................................................88
6. Energy R&D and innovation.......................................................................................91
Overview ............................................................................................................................91
Energy innovation priorities and guiding documents ........................................................92
Resource push ..................................................................................................................94
Knowledge management...................................................................................................96
International collaboration .................................................................................................97
Market pull .........................................................................................................................99
Carbon capture and storage........................................................................................... 101
Assessment .................................................................................................................... 103
Recommendations.......................................................................................................... 106
ENERGY SECURITY
7. Electricity................................................................................................................... 109
Overview ......................................................................................................................... 109
Electricity generation ...................................................................................................... 110
Electricity demand .......................................................................................................... 111
Power systems in Australia ............................................................................................ 112
The National Electricity Market....................................................................................... 113
Managing annual and seasonal variability of variable renewables................................ 121
Electricity security........................................................................................................... 128
Electricity emergency policy and response.................................................................... 130
Assessment .................................................................................................................... 131
Recommendations.......................................................................................................... 135
8. Coal............................................................................................................................ 139
Overview ......................................................................................................................... 139
Coal reserves, production and supply............................................................................ 140
Coal trade ....................................................................................................................... 142
Coal demand .................................................................................................................. 142
Coal policy and transition ............................................................................................... 143
Assessment .................................................................................................................... 147
Recommendations.......................................................................................................... 150
9. Natural gas ................................................................................................................ 151
Overview ......................................................................................................................... 151
Gas supply and demand ................................................................................................ 152
Gas infrastructure........................................................................................................... 155
Gas market structure and prices .................................................................................... 161
Special focus: The role of gas in Australia’s energy transition ...................................... 164
Security of supply in the east coast gas market............................................................. 168
Assessment .................................................................................................................... 172
Recommendations.......................................................................................................... 176
10. Oil ............................................................................................................................. 179
Overview ......................................................................................................................... 179
Supply and demand........................................................................................................ 180
Oil policy ......................................................................................................................... 183
Market structure.............................................................................................................. 185
Infrastructure................................................................................................................... 187
Oil emergency policy and stockholding.......................................................................... 189
Assessment .................................................................................................................... 190
Recommendations.......................................................................................................... 191
11. Special focus on critical minerals ........................................................................ 193
Overview ......................................................................................................................... 193
Production and prospects............................................................................................... 194
Policies ........................................................................................................................... 196
Government programmes in R&D.................................................................................. 196
Institutional governance for critical minerals .................................................................. 197
Assessment .................................................................................................................... 199
Recommendations.......................................................................................................... 201