KETEP 세계에너지시장정보

ENERGY INSIGHTS
Foreword..............................................................................................................................3
Executive summary.........................................................................................................11
1. General energy policy.................................................................................................17
Country overview...............................................................................................................17
Energy sector overview .....................................................................................................18
Energy production, supply, and demand...........................................................................19
Key institutions and energy players ..................................................................................22
Key energy and climate targets.........................................................................................23
Key energy and climate policies........................................................................................24
Covid-19 response ............................................................................................................26
Measures to address high energy prices ..........................................................................26
Response to Russian invasion of Ukraine ........................................................................28
Energy taxation..................................................................................................................29
Fossil fuel subsidies ..........................................................................................................32
Energy poverty ..................................................................................................................32
Critical minerals and batteries...........................................................................................32
Hydrogen ...........................................................................................................................33
Gender equality in the energy sector ................................................................................34
Assessment .......................................................................................................................34
Key recommendations.......................................................................................................37
ENERGY SYSTEM TRANSFORMATION
2. Energy and climate change........................................................................................41
Overview ............................................................................................................................41
Energy-related GHG emission ..........................................................................................42
Emission drivers and carbon intensity...............................................................................43
Climate targets...................................................................................................................44
Climate policy and key mitigation measures.....................................................................45
Carbon pricing ...................................................................................................................46
Reduction of peat for energy use ......................................................................................48
Methane emissions............................................................................................................49
Carbon capture, utilisation, and storage ...........................................................................50
Climate change impacts and adaptation...........................................................................51
Assessment .......................................................................................................................52
Recommendations.............................................................................................................55
3. Energy efficiency.........................................................................................................57
Overview ............................................................................................................................57
Energy demand .................................................................................................................58
Energy efficiency and the energy crisis.............................................................................59
Energy efficiency targets ...................................................................................................59
Efficiency policy and measures.........................................................................................61
Industry ..............................................................................................................................62
Buildings ............................................................................................................................65
District heating and cooling ...............................................................................................69
Transport ...........................................................................................................................71
Assessment .......................................................................................................................75
Recommendations.............................................................................................................78
4. Renewable energy.......................................................................................................81
Overview ............................................................................................................................81
Renewable energy targets ................................................................................................82
Renewable energy policy and support measures.............................................................84
Assessment .......................................................................................................................95
Recommendations.............................................................................................................99
5. Energy research and innovation ............................................................................ 101
Overview ......................................................................................................................... 101
Key energy technology innovation actors ...................................................................... 102
Energy innovation priorities and guiding documents ..................................................... 103
Resource push ............................................................................................................... 105
Knowledge management................................................................................................ 109
Monitoring, evaluation and tracking of results................................................................ 112
Assessment .................................................................................................................... 113
Recommendations.......................................................................................................... 115
ENERGY SECURITY
6. Electricity................................................................................................................... 119
Overview ......................................................................................................................... 119
Electricity demand, generation, and trade...................................................................... 120
Electricity infrastructure .................................................................................................. 123
Electricity market and prices .......................................................................................... 128
Electricity Policy.............................................................................................................. 134
Electricity emergency response ..................................................................................... 140
Assessment .................................................................................................................... 141
Recommendations.......................................................................................................... 144
7. Nuclear....................................................................................................................... 147
Overview ......................................................................................................................... 147
Nuclear energy policy and regulation............................................................................. 148
Nuclear power plants...................................................................................................... 149
Uranium mining and enrichment .................................................................................... 150
Nuclear research and innovation.................................................................................... 151
Research reactor decommissioning ............................................................................... 152
Nuclear waste management........................................................................................... 152
Assessment .................................................................................................................... 153
Recommendations.......................................................................................................... 156
8. Natural gas ................................................................................................................ 159
Overview ......................................................................................................................... 159
Gas demand and supply ................................................................................................ 160
Gas infrastructure........................................................................................................... 162
Gas market and prices ................................................................................................... 165
Gas policy....................................................................................................................... 166
Gas emergency response .............................................................................................. 168
Assessment .................................................................................................................... 168
Recommendations.......................................................................................................... 170
9. Oil ............................................................................................................................... 171
Overview ......................................................................................................................... 171
Oil supply and demand................................................................................................... 172
Oil policy ......................................................................................................................... 174
Oil market and prices...................................................................................................... 176
Oil infrastructure ............................................................................................................. 177
Oil emergency policy and stockholding.......................................................................... 178
Assessment .................................................................................................................... 179
Recommendations.......................................................................................................... 180