KETEP 세계에너지시장정보

Foreword .................................................................................................................................12


Executive summary ..............................................................................................................13


1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................16

 1.1.  Why green hydrogen (GH2)? ............................................................................................................................16

 1.2.  Identifying potential GH2 producers ...........................................................................................................16

 1.3.  Exploring GH2 applications ............................................................................................................................17

 1.4.  Global demand and the hydrogen industry’s future outlook................................................................18

 1.5.  A price forecast for GH2 ..................................................................................................................................18

 1.6.  What are the prospects for renewable-rich developing countries? ....................................................19

 1.7.  Overcoming the challenges of technological barriers and high production costs ..........................19

 1.8.  Harnessing the transformative potential of GH2 .....................................................................................19


2. The GH2 industry: reframing the narrative ................................................................22

 2.1. Envisioning the role of GH2 in developing countries ...............................................................................23

 2.2.  Unravelling the benefits and barriers of GH2 trade .................................................................................25

 2.3.  The potential of GH2 to transform industrial development ..................................................................29

 2.4.  Building the GH2 value chain .........................................................................................................................33

 2.5.  The clover approach to GH2 development ................................................................................................35


3. Backward linkages in GH2 production ........................................................................38

 3.1. Strategies for attracting investors to GH2 production ............................................................................40

 3.2.  Sustainable procurement of electricity for electrolysers ......................................................................42

 3.3. Technology acquisition and local manufacturing options .....................................................................43

  3.3.1.  Scenario 1: Local content requirement (LCR) ....................................................................................43

  3.3.2 . Scenario 2: Long-term stimulation of the country’s own R&D....................................................44

  3.3.3.  Just transition aspects of hydrogen production projects .............................................................45


4. Local downstream market creation policies ............................................................48

 4.1. Regulatory clarity and stability .....................................................................................................................49

 4.2.  Providing support for early movers .............................................................................................................52

 4.3.  Demand creation policies ..............................................................................................................................56

 4.4.  Value chain integration and coordination ................................................................................................58


5. Transport and distribution policies ...............................................................................64

 5.1. Planning GH2 infrastructure, transport and storage ....................................................................................65

  5.1.1.  Pipelines vs maritime transport ..............................................................................................................67

  5.1.2. GH2 carriers ..................................................................................................................................................69

  5.1.3.  GH2 storage facilities ..................................................................................................................................71

  5.1.4.  Just transition dimension ..........................................................................................................................72

 5.2.  Regulating transport ............................................................................................................................................72

 5.3.  Infrastructure financing ......................................................................................................................................73


6. Options for international cooperation to support national policymaking ..........76

 6.1. Co-financing the development of a policy framework ................................................................................76

 6.2. Multilateral cooperation in science, technology and innovation... ..........................................................77

 6.3.  Knowledge sharing: Dialogue and capacity development ........................................................................78

 6.4.  Policy to support financing from the Global North to the Global South ................................................79

 6.5.  International coordination for hydrogen trade routes ..............................................................................80

  6.5.1.  Intergovernmental Memorandums of Understanding .......................................................................81

  6.5.2.  International standards and certification ...........................................................................................82

  6.5.3.  International collaboration for trade corridors .................................................................................83

  6.5.4.  International collaboration for trading green products ..................................................................83


Policy sheets............................................................................................................................86


Bibliography .............................................................................................................................98