KETEP 세계에너지시장정보

Acknowledgements ............................................................................... v
 

Explanatory notes ....................................................................................... v


Acronyms and abbreviations ....................................................................... vi


Executive summary .................................................................................. viii


1. Introduction .................................................................................................... 2


2. Climate change, fishing fleets and fishing ports ................................................... 6

 2.1 The contribution of emissions from fishing fleets to climate change ............................. 7

 2.2 Fuel subsidies ......................................................................................................................... 13

 2.3 The role of fishing ports and the impacts of climate change .......................... 14


3. Nationally determined contributions under the Paris Agreement as applied to fisheries ........16


4. The regulatory framework ................................................ 20

 4.1 The International Maritime Organization .............................. 20

  4.1.1 Energy efficiency and carbon dioxide reduction measures ............... 21

   4.1.1.1 Short-term measures ............................................................................... 22

   4.1.1.2 Medium- to long-term measures ....................................................... 23

  4.1.2 Other measures to control emissions from ships ................................. 24

 4.2 Regional and national initiatives .............................................................................. 26

 4.3 The World Trade Organization Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies and in-built negotiating agenda ....... 27


5. Technological opportunities and challenges of alternative energy options for fishing fleets ...................... 32

 5.1 Alternative fuels ........................................ 33

  5.1.1 Green biofuels ........................................... 33

  5.1.2 Green methanol .................................. 34

  5.1.3 Liquified natural gas ................................................................ 34

  5.1.4 Biogas and other renewable gaseous fuels ............................ 35

  5.1.5 Green hydrogen ................................................................................ 35

  5.1.6 Green ammonia ......................................................................................36

 5.2 Electric and hybrid engines ............................................................................. 38

 5.3 Other means of propulsion and emission reduction options .................. 40

  5.3.1 Wind propulsion .......................................................................................................... 40

  5.3.2 Energy efficiency measures ......................................................................................... 40

  5.3.3 On-board carbon capture ................................................................................................. 40


6. Opportunities, challenges and considerations for the transition of fishing fleets 44

 6.1 Economic and technological .......................................................................................44

 6.2 Trade and the seafood value chains ..................................................................... 47

 6.3 Environmental ............................................................................................................. 49

 6.4 Social .................................................................................................................................. 52


References .................................................................................................................................... 55

 Annex 1.Measures related to fisheries in the nationally determined contributions of the top ten aquatic food exporters ..... 66

 Annex 2. Summary of measures related to fisheries and the blue economy in the nationally determined contributions of the top ten countries with the highest number of references to fisheries ....... 70

 Annex 3. Experiences of fishing associations and fisheries service centres ...................... 75