KETEP 세계에너지시장정보

Abstract ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 

Foreword on the Clean Energy Technology Observatory ............................................................................................................................................. 4 

Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 

Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 

1 Introduction..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9 
 1.1 Scope and context ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9 
 1.2 Methodology and Data Sources ................................................................................................................................................................................. 10 

2 Technology status and development trends ................................................................................................................................................................ 11 
 2.1 Technology readiness level ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 11 
 2.2 Installed Capacity and Production ............................................................................................................................................................................ 15 
  2.2.1 Current situation and short-term forecasts.................................................................................................................................. 15 
   2.2.1.1 Fuel cells for mobility applications .......................................................................................................................................... 17 
   2.2.1.2 Fuel cells for stationary applications .................................................................................................................................... 19 
  2.2.2 Long-term perspectives ................................................................................................................................................................................... 19 
 2.3 Technology Costs ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 21 
  2.3.1 Fuel cells for mobility applications ....................................................................................................................................................... 21 
   2.3.1.1 Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs) ............................................................................................................................................ 21 
   2.3.1.2 Fuel Cell Electric Buses (FCEBs) .................................................................................................................................................. 22 
   2.3.1.3 Fuel Cell Electric Trucks (FCETs) ................................................................................................................................................. 22 
  2.3.2 Fuel cells for stationary applications .................................................................................................................................................. 23 
   2.3.2.1 Micro-CHP ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 23 
   2.3.2.2 Mid-size CHP ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 23 
   2.3.2.3 Large scale CHP installations........................................................................................................................................................ 23 
 2.4 Public RD&I Funding and Investments ................................................................................................................................................................. 24 
 2.5 Private RD&I funding ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 26 
 2.6 Patenting trends ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 30 
 2.7 Scientific publication trends ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 33 
 2.8 Assessment of R&I project developments ....................................................................................................................................................... 34 

3 Value Chain Analysis........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 35 
 3.1 Turnover ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 35 
  3.1.1 Fuel cells for mobility applications ....................................................................................................................................................... 35 
  3.1.2 Fuel cells for stationary applications .................................................................................................................................................. 36 
 3.2 Gross value added ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 37 
  3.2.1 Environmental and socio-economic sustainability ................................................................................................................. 37 
 3.3 Role of EU Companies ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 37 
  3.3.1 Fuel cells for mobility applications ....................................................................................................................................................... 38 
  3.3.2 Stationary fuel cells ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 40
 3.4 Employment .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 40 
  3.4.1 Main manufacturers ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 40 
 3.5 Energy intensity and labour productivity ........................................................................................................................................................... 41 
 3.6 EU Production Data ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 41 

4 EU Market Position and Global Competitiveness ..................................................................................................................................................... 42 
 4.1 Global & EU market leaders .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 42 
  4.1.1 Fuel cell stack/system manufacturers ............................................................................................................................................... 42 
  4.1.2 Fuel cell components .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 43 
 4.2 Trade (Import/export) and trade balance .......................................................................................................................................................... 43 
 4.3 Resource efficiency and dependence in relation to EU competitiveness............................................................................ 44 

5 Conclusions .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 45 

References ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 47 

List of abbreviations and definitions ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 51 

List of figures ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 53 

List of tables ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 55 

Annexes .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 56 
 Annex 1 Summary Table of Data Sources for the CETO Indicators ............................................................................................................... 57 
 Annex 2 Energy System Models and Scenarios: POTEnCIA and POLES-JRC .......................................................................................... 58 
  AN 2.1 POTEnCIA Model ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 58 
   AN 2.1.1 Model Overview ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 58 
   AN 2.1.2 POTEnCIA CETO 2024 Scenario............................................................................................................................................................... 59 
  AN 2.2 POLES-JRC model ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 60 
   AN 2.2.1 Model Overview ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 60 
   AN 2.2.2 POLES-JRC Model description ................................................................................................................................................................... 61 
   AN 2.2.3 Global CETO 2°C scenario 2024 ............................................................................................................................................................. 62 
  AN 2.3 Distinctions for the CETO 2024 Scenarios - POLES-JRC vs. POTEnCIA .......................................................................... 64 
 Annex 3 Countries, regions and continents coding ......................................................................................................................................................... 65