KETEP 세계에너지시장정보

Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................... viii 

Key Findings ............................................................................................................................................ x 

Broader Outlook ..................................................................................................................................... xii 

List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................... xx 

1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 1 
 1.1 Motivation and Goals .................................................................................................................. 2 
 1.2 Scope and Assessment Process .................................................................................................... 4 
 1.3 Metrics ...................................................................................................................................... 10 

2 Wind Energy Material Composition, Life Cycle Impacts, and Waste Projections and Classification .................... 14 
 2.1 Material Composition by Weight, Economic Value, and Life Cycle Emissions ..................... 14 
 2.2 Material Waste Estimates ......................................................................................................... 20 
 2.3 Existing Wind Material Recycling Capacity in the United States ............................................ 22 

3 Component-Level Results ................................................................................................................. 25 
 3.1 Foundation and Substructures .................................................................................................. 25 
 3.2 Tower ........................................................................................................................................ 32 
 3.3 Nacelle ...................................................................................................................................... 38 
 3.4 Drivetrain .................................................................................................................................. 44 
 3.5 Generators and Rare Earth Permanent Magnets ....................................................................... 47 
 3.6 Wind Turbine Blades ................................................................................................................ 59 
 3.7 Power Electronics, Substations, and Cables ............................................................................. 82 

4 Community Planning and Social Impacts ......................................................................................... 86 
 4.1 Community Planning ................................................................................................................ 86 
 4.2 Social Aspects of Recycling Wind Systems ............................................................................. 87 

5 Short, Medium, and Long-term RD&D Priorities ............................................................................. 91 

6 Conclusions ....................................................................................................................................... 96 

References .................................................................................................................................................. 99 

Appendix A. Energy Act of 2020 Wind Recycling, Development, and Demonstration Program Language ........ 117 

Appendix B. Data Sources for Life Cycle Assessment and Techno-Economic Analysis ....................... 118 
 Data Sources for Life Cycle Inventories ............................................................................................. 118