KETEP 세계에너지시장정보

1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 18
 Innovation has long underpinned energy and economic policy objectives .............................. 18 
 The purpose and structure of this report .................................................................................. 21 
 Recent macro trends that are set to shape energy innovation ................................................ 26 

2. Recent developments illustrate progress ....................................................................... 28
 Notable upgrades in technology readiness .............................................................................. 30 
 Researchers’ big strides forward.............................................................................................. 32 
 First-of-a-kind pilot and demo achievements ........................................................................... 35 
 Announced commitments to go to the next level ..................................................................... 39 
 New products and processes hitting the market ...................................................................... 42 
 Enhancements to R&D facilities, test sites and innovation support ......................................... 44 

3. Tracking spending trends ................................................................................................. 46
 Public R&D ............................................................................................................................... 47 
 Corporate R&D ......................................................................................................................... 50 
 Venture capital investments ..................................................................................................... 52 
 Other types of innovation finance............................................................................................. 61 

4. Demonstrations, patents and awards .............................................................................. 66
 Demonstration projects ............................................................................................................ 66 
 Patenting .................................................................................................................................. 69 
 Energy technology awards ....................................................................................................... 75 

5. Races to firsts ..................................................................................................................... 78
 
6. Policy progress................................................................................................................... 87
 Overarching energy innovation strategies ............................................................................... 90 
 General support to energy innovation ecosystems .................................................................. 92 
 Support during earlier R&D phases ......................................................................................... 92 
 Support for first-of-a-kind pilots and demonstrations ............................................................... 99 
 Support for manufacturing and scaling up new products and processes .............................. 108 
 The challenge of innovation in emerging and developing economies ................................... 115 
 Remaining policy gaps and priorities ..................................................................................... 120 

7. Focus: Innovation to improve diversity of battery minerals supplies ....................... 124
 The case for strengthened innovation .................................................................................... 127 
 Technology landscape ........................................................................................................... 129 
 Knowledge gaps to be filled ................................................................................................... 147 
 Priorities for reaching the next innovation stages .................................................................. 148 

8. Focus: Artificial intelligence for energy technology innovation................................. 151
 The ways in which AI can enhance innovation ...................................................................... 152 
 Technology landscape ........................................................................................................... 155 
 Knowledge gaps to be filled ................................................................................................... 168 
 Priorities for reaching the next innovation stages .................................................................. 169 

9. Focus: Innovation to cut the costs of carbon dioxide removal .................................. 171
 The case for strengthened innovation .................................................................................... 172 
 Technology landscape ........................................................................................................... 176 
 Knowledge gaps to be filled ................................................................................................... 195 
 Priorities for reaching the next innovation stages .................................................................. 200 
 
Annex es................................................................................................................................. 205 
 Annex A- Stakeholder survey questions ................................................................................ 205 
 Annex B- Currency conversions............................................................................................. 208 
 Annex C: Abbreviations and acronyms .................................................................................. 209 
 Annex D: Glossary ................................................................................................................. 210