KETEP 세계에너지시장정보

Abstract ....................... 3 

Acknowledgments................................ 4 

Executive Summary ......................................... 5 

1. Introduction..... 7 
 1.1 Environmental Footprint (EF) method developed by the European Commission (EC Recommendations 2279/2021) ... 9 
 1.2 Preparatory study for solar photovoltaic modules, inverters and systems ........... 9 

2. Background concepts underpinning the harmonised rules for the calculation of the carbon footprint of photovoltaic panels ..... 11 

3. Suggestion for potential improvements of the harmonised rules for the calculation of the carbon footprint of photovoltaic modules....... 13 
 3.1 Product category in scope for regulatory intervention ................ 13 
 3.2 Hotspot analysis for identification of potential areas for regulatory intervention ...... 13 
 3.3 Product Environmental Footprint Category Rules (PEFCR) “Photovoltaic modules used in photovoltaic power systems for electricity generation” ... 14
 3.4 PEFCR adaptation ........................ 15 
  3.4.1 Functional unit and reference flow ............... 17 
  3.4.2 System boundary ........... 17 
  3.4.3 Impact assessment ...... 19 
  3.4.4 Use of company-specific activity data ...... 19 
  3.4.5 Non-mandatory company-specific activity data .............................. 22 
  3.4.6 Data quality rating (DQR) of default secondary datasets ...... 23 
  3.4.7 Life cycle stages ............. 25 
  3.4.8 Modelling of recycled content and materials recycling ............. 27 
  3.4.9 Distribution ........................... 29 
  3.4.10 Analysis of electricity modelling approaches .................................. 29 
   3.4.10.1.1 On-site generated electricity ............................................... 30 
   3.4.10.1.2 Supplier-specific electricity product .............................. 31 
   3.4.10.1.3 How to model the residual consumption mix ...... 33 
   3.4.10.1.4 How to model the average consumption mix ...... 33 

4. Modelling of the PV technologies ........................................... 34 
 4.1 Life cycle inventories of PV technologies ............. 34 
 4.2 Additional potential materials needed for key and innovative PV technologies ............. 38 

5. Carbon footprint results and discussion .......................... 39 
 5.1 Carbon footprint results ........ 39 
 5.2 Key findings ....................................... 45 
 5.3 Data gaps ............................................ 46 
 5.4 Description of the scenarios under analysis and differences with PEFCR ........ 48 
  5.4.1 Amount of Silicon in panel .................................... 49
  5.4.2 Electricity in production ............................................ 49 
  5.4.3 Silicon mix ............................. 50 
 5.5 Interpretation of carbon footprint results for Mono-Si: .......................... 50 

6. Stakeholder Consultations ............ 55 

7. Support to a PV dedicated tool for calculating carbon footprint ............. 57 

8. Conclusions .. 59 

References ............. 60 

List of abbreviations .................................... 62 

List of figures ..... 63 

List of tables ........ 64 

Annex A – “Harmonised rules for the calculation of the carbon footprint of photovoltaic modules” version of 30 March 2023 . 65 

Annex B – Energy efficiency index and energy yield over the lifetime ....101 

Annex C – Preliminary screening of additional potential datasets needed for key and innovative PV technologies ......104 

Annex D – Details on carbon footprint results according to the scenarios under analysis ..109