KETEP 세계에너지시장정보

Abstract ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 

Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................................................................................. 4 

Executive summary .............................................................................................................................................................................. 5 

1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 
 1.1 Context and objectives ..................................................................................................................................................... 6 
 1.2 Methodology ........................................................................................................................................................................... 7 
  1.2.1 Material intensity per wind turbine type ................................................................................................... 7 
  1.2.2 Decommissioning model ................................................................................................................................... 8 
  1.2.3 Existing wind capacity to be decommissioned by 2050 .............................................................. 13 

2 Heavy structural materials – concrete and steel ...................................................................................................... 17 
 2.1 Role of concrete and steel in wind turbines ...................................................................................................... 17 
 2.2 Intensity and recyclability of concrete and steel ............................................................................................ 17 
 2.3 Decommissioned concrete and steel material streams ............................................................................. 18 

3 Materials supporting steel properties: alloying elements and coating ......................................................... 19 
 3.1 Role of alloying elements and coating in wind turbines ............................................................................ 19 
 3.2 Intensity and recyclability of alloying elements and coating .................................................................. 19 
 3.3 Decommissioned waste streams from alloying elements in steel (manganese, molybdenum, chromium and nickel) and zinc coating ...... 20

4 Structural and electronic materials – aluminium and copper ........................................................................... 22 
 4.1 Role of aluminium and copper in wind turbines ............................................................................................. 22 
 4.2 Intensity and recyclability of aluminium and copper ................................................................................... 22 
 4.3 Decommissioned aluminium and copper material streams .................................................................... 23 

5 Permanent magnet materials – rare earth elements and boron..................................................................... 24 
 5.1 Role of rare earth elements and boron in wind turbines ........................................................................... 24 
 5.2 Intensity and recyclability of rare earth elements and boron ................................................................. 24 
 5.3 Decommissioned rare earth elements and boron material streams .................................................. 25 

6 Blade materials – composites ............................................................................................................................................. 27 
 6.1 Role of composites in wind turbines ...................................................................................................................... 27 
 6.2 Intensity and recyclability of composite materials in the blades ......................................................... 27 
 6.3 Decommissioned composite material stream.................................................................................................. 28 

7 Conclusions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 29 

References ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 30 

List of abbreviations ........................................................................................................................................................................ 34 

List of figures ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 35 

List of tables ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 36