KETEP 세계에너지시장정보

ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................................................6
 
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .........................................................................................................8
 
INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................11
 
1 BACKGROUND AND TRANSITION PATHWAYS .................................................................13
 1.1 Energy consumption and emissions ......................................................................................13
 1.2 Transition pathways for global road transport ......................................................................15
 
2 CROSS-CUTTING POLICIES FOR ROAD TRANSPORT ELECTRIFICATION .........................20
 2.1 Policies for promoting modal shift ..........................................................................................20
 2.2 Policies for sustainable urban mobility ..................................................................................23
 2.3 Policies for efficiency improvement .......................................................................................28
 2.4 Policies for enabling the electric vehicle market ..................................................................30
 2.5 Policies for a just and inclusive energy transition in road transport ....................................33
 
3 POLICIES FOR THE ELECTRIFICATION OF LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLES ...................................38
 3.1 Current status and electrification pathways .........................................................................38
 3.2 Major concerns and barriers to the deployment of electric light-duty vehicles ................42
 3.3 Policies to address barriers to electric vehicles and charging infrastructure ....................45
 
4 POLICIES FOR THE ELECTRIFICATION OF TWO- AND THREE-WHEELERS IN EMERGING AND DEVELOPING MARKETS ......51
 4.1 Current status and electrification pathways for two- and three-wheelers ..........................51
 4.2 Major deployment barriers and policies to overcome them ...............................................55
 4.3 Policies for electric two- and three-wheelers ........................................................................56
 
5 POLICIES FOR THE DEPLOYMENT OF ELECTRIC BUSES ..................................................60
 5.1 Current status of the bus market ............................................................................................60
 5.2 Technology solutions for the bus sub-sector .........................................................................61
 5.3 Major barriers to the deployment of electric buses ..............................................................63
 5.4 Policies to promote the deployment of electric buses .........................................................64
 
6 POLICIES FOR THE ELECTRIFICATION OF HEAVY-DUTY TRUCKS ....................................68
 6.1 Current status of the heavy-duty freight market ...................................................................68
 6.2 Technology options for decarbonising heavy-duty trucks ...................................................69
 6.3 Major barriers to the deployment of electric trucks..............................................................71
 6.4 Policies to advance the commercialisation and scale-up of electric trucks .....................72
 
7 POLICIES FOR A RENEWABLES-BASED ELECTRIFICATION ..............................................75
 7.1 Road transport electrification and the global pledge on renewable power capacity by 2030 ......75
 7.2 Combining electric vehicle charging with solar rooftops ....................................................78
 7.3 Smart charging to enable higher shares of variable renewable energy ............................79
 7.4 Policies for promoting renewables-based electrification .....................................................81
 
CONCLUSION ....................................................................................................................85
 
REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................88