KETEP 세계에너지시장정보

Contents  1 

About  3 

Key highlights  3 

Executive Summary:  24-hour solar generation is here  — and it changes everything  4 

Chapter 1:  How batteries will unlock solar’s true  potential  9 
 1.1 Why this is a game changer  10 
  1.1.1 Solar with battery can meet electricity demand any time  10 
  1.1.2 Pushing solar penetration higher  11 
  1.1.3 Bringing large savings on grid expansions  12 
 1.2 Batteries have suddenly got cheaper and better  13 
 1.3 Solar+battery is already happening  14 
  1.3.1 Utility solar farms embrace larger batteries  15 
  1.3.2 It also makes sense for large electricity consumers  16 
 
Chapter 2:  Getting to 24-hour solar doesn’t need a  lot of battery  17 
 2.1 Around 17 kilowatt hours of battery are enough to flatten solar to 1 kilowatt of  24-hour solar generation  17 
 2.2 17 kWh is close to optimal for most sunny places  19 
  2.2.1 What is the variability throughout the year in Las Vegas?  20 
  2.2.2 What is the variability throughout different cities?  20 
 
Chapter 3:  Getting close to 24/365 solar generation  is cost-competitive in sunny regions  23 
 3.1 Sunny cities can get very close to 24/365 solar generation  23 
  3.1.1 Las Vegas can get 97% of the way to 24/365 solar generation  24 
  3.1.2 The sunniest cities can get more than 90% of the way to 24/365 solar generation  25 
 3.2 How close to 24/365 solar generation is optimal?  29 
 3.3 The LCOE of near 24/365 solar generation are falling fast - 22% in the last year alone  32 
 3.4 And now 97% of the way to 24/365 solar generation is cheaper coal and nuclear in sunny places 33

Conclusion: Unlocking 24-hour solar is the new frontier for energy policy 35
 The off-grid opportunity: from power gap to industrial growth  35 
 Technology and economics are ready, first-movers need to lead the way  36 
 At the national level, 24-hour solar helps reduce grid expansion costs 36

Supporting materials 36
 Methodology 38
 Acknowledgement 47