KETEP 세계에너지시장정보

Abstract 3
 
Foreword  4
 
Acknowledgements  5
 
Executive summary 9
 
1 Introduction 21
 1.1 Structure of report ........................................................................................................................................................................................22
 1.2 Ten years of the JRC Biomass Mandate ...........................................................................................................................................23
 
2 Biomass and European Policies 32
 2.1 The expectations of biomass in EU policies ....................................................................................................................................33
 2.2 Framing bioeconomy and biomass: Insights into Policy, Sustainability, and Values ................................................41
 2.3 Bioeconomy narratives ...............................................................................................................................................................................44
 2.4 Biomass, a systems approach is needed..........................................................................................................................................49
 
3 Biomass production, supply and uses 53
 3.1 Agriculture ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................53
 3.2 Forests .................................................................................................................................................................................................................78
 3.3 Fisheries and aquaculture biomass .....................................................................................................................................................97
 3.4 European and Global macroalgae production and supply ...................................................................................................108
 3.5 Waste Biomass  ...........................................................................................................................................................................................121
 3.6 Biomass trade of food-related commodities potentially linked to deforestation ..................................................134
 
4 A future look into agriculture and forest biomass 152
 4.1 Agricultural medium-term outlook ....................................................................................................................................................152
 4.2 EU forest sink: scenario analysis  ......................................................................................................................................................155
 
5 Land and ecosystem-based management approaches  167
 5.1 Earth-Centred land stewardship .........................................................................................................................................................168
 5.2 Agroecology: strengthening farmers’ position within food systems ..............................................................................175
 5.3 Pastureland management strategies ..............................................................................................................................................182
 5.4 Sharing or sparing of forest land?  ...................................................................................................................................................185
 5.5 Nature-based climate solutions and carbon farming  ...........................................................................................................189
 5.6. The benefits of urban green ................................................................................................................................................................198
 5.7 Seaweed farming  ......................................................................................................................................................................................199
 
6 Sector-specific opportunities and challenges 204
 6.1 Value added of biomass .........................................................................................................................................................................204
 6.2 Biomass for the energy transition .....................................................................................................................................................210
 6.3 Biomass and the European Bauhaus ...............................................................................................................................................214
 6.4 Novel foods.....................................................................................................................................................................................................218
 
7 Policy instruments and societal shifts 224
 7.1 Responsible trade of commodities potentially linked to deforestation ........................................................................224
 7.2 The ‘polluter pays’ principle and the use of taxation and subsidisation as policy instruments ................231
 7.3 Mainstreaming ecological content into the economic context through an integrated environmental and economic accounting system ....233
 7.4 Societal shifts: Food waste reduction ..............................................................................................................................................237
 7.5 Dietary shifts .................................................................................................................................................................................................240
 
8 Conclusions 246
 8.1 Future work ....................................................................................................................................................................................................249
 
References 251
 
List of boxes  282
 
List of figures  283
 
List of tables  288
 
Annexes  290