KETEP 세계에너지시장정보

Tables, Figures, and Boxes vi   

Foreword from Thomas M. Clark, General Counsel, Asian Development Bank ix

Foreword from Martijn Wilder, CEO and Cofounder, Pollination xi

Acknowledgments xiii

Abbreviations xiv

Executive Summary xvii

PART A:  INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 1
 1. The Evolution of Carbon Markets 3
 2. Purpose of This Blueprint 7
  Importance of Developing a Domestic Carbon Market Strategy 8
  Benefits of Establishing Domestic Carbon Crediting Legal Frameworks 9
  A Key Decision for Policymakers: Developing a Domestic Carbon Crediting  10 
  Standard or Utilizing Existing International Standards Consideration of Demand 12
  Aim of This Blueprint and Structure of Content 12
 
PART B:  BUILDING BLOCKS OF A CARBON CREDITING LEGISLATIVE   FRAMEWORK 17
 1. Introductory Provisions 19
  1.1 Summary of Fundamental Building Blocks Likely to Be Required 19
  1.2 Key Building Block A: Objectives and Principles 20
  1.3 Key Building Block B: Key Definitions 22
   1.3.1 Carbon Crediting Project, Carbon Project, and Project 22
   1.3.2 Carbon Credit 24
   1.3.3 Project Proponent 27
   1.3.4 Registry 28
 2. Governance 31
  2.1 Summary of Fundamental Building Blocks Likely to Be Required 31
  2.2 Types, Roles, and Powers of Governing Bodies  33
 3. Carbon Crediting Projects 41
  3.1 Summary of Fundamental Building Blocks Likely to Be Required 41
  3.2 Key Building Block A: Project Proponent Requirements 44
   3.2.1 Character Requirements 44
   3.2.2 Ownership Rights Over Carbon 45
   3.2.3 Consents from Third Parties with Legal Interests in Land 46
  3.3 Key Building Block B: Methodologies and Crediting Standards 48
   3.3.1 ADB DMCs Choosing to Develop a Domestic, Government-Led Scheme 49
   3.3.2 Adopting International Carbon Crediting Standards, Methodologies and Registries 50 
   3.3.3 Combination Approach 51
  3.4 Key Building Block C: Approaches to Integrity Assurance 52
   3.4.1 Additionality 53
   3.4.2 Permanence  54
   3.4.3 No Double Counting 56
   3.4.4 Real, Measurable, and Verifiable 57
   3.4.5 Leakage 58
 4. Carbon Credits 61
  4.1 Summary of Fundamental Building Blocks Likely to Be Required 61
  4.2 Key Building Block A: Issuance of Carbon Credits 63
   4.2.1 Process for Issuing Credits 63
  4.3 Key Building Block B: Registration of Carbon Credits 65
   4.3.1 Management of the Registry 68
   4.3.2 Registry Information 69
   4.3.3 Privacy and Confidentiality 70
   4.3.4 Tracking 71
  4.4 Key Building Block C: Transfer of Carbon Credits 72
   4.4.1 Transfer Process 73
   4.4.2 Transfer Conditions and Restrictions 74
   4.4.3 Cancellation and Retirement 74
 5. Article 6 Requirements 79
  5.1 Key Building Block A: Authorization 81
  5.2 Key Building Block B: Corresponding Adjustments 86
  5.3 Key Building Block C: Tracking  88
   5.3.1 Tracking System 88
   5.3.2 Responsibility for Managing the Tracking Process and Registry 89
   5.3.3 Information That Is Tracked 89
  5.4 Key Building Block D: Reporting 90
 6. Social and Environmental Safeguards 93
  6.1 Summary of Fundamental Building Blocks Likely to Be Required 93
  6.2 Key Building Block A: General Safeguards 94
  6.3 Key Building Block B: Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities Rights and Partnerships 96 
   6.3.1 Rights, Consultation, and Consent 96
   6.3.2 Benefit-Sharing and Partnerships 97
 7. Monitoring and Enforcement 101
  7.1 Summary of Fundamental Building Blocks Likely to Be Required 102
  7.2 Key Building Block A: Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification 103
   7.2.1 Monitoring, Reporting, Verification, Recordkeeping and Audit Requirements 104 
  7.3 Key Building Block B: Enforcement 107
   7.3.1 Project-Level Enforcement Mechanisms 108
   7.3.2 Scheme Oversight and Review Mechanisms 110
 
APPENDIXES   113
 1 Minimum Requirements for Carbon Crediting Legal Frameworks 114
 2 Introduction to Carbon Markets 116