KETEP 세계에너지시장정보

Executive summary...................................4

Abbreviations ................................................6

1. Nuclear fuel supply and demand in the EU ............................................7
 1.1. Fuel loaded ....................................7
 1.2. Future requirements ................8
 1.3. Supply of natural uranium .10
 1.4. Special fissile material .........16
 1.5. Inventories ..................................17
 1.6. Future contractual coverage rate ...................................................17

2. Security of supply ..............................20
 2.1. Analysis of EU market ..........20
  2.1.1. Inventories ....................21
  2.1.2. Demand ..........................22
  2.1.3. Supply diversification...............................................................22
  2.1.4. Prices ...............................24
  2.1.5. Medical radioisotopes .............................................................25
 2.2. Future outlook ..........................26
  2.2.1. Contractual coverage ..............................................................26
  2.2.2. EU and global fuel cycle market .......................................26
  2.2.3. Enable nuclear expansion and developments ...........29
 
3. Overview of EU developments ...31
 3.1. Euratom ........................................31
  3.1.1. EU nuclear energy policy .......................................................31
  3.1.2. Nuclear safety, radiation protection, radioactive waste management and nuclear decommissioning ...32
  3.1.3. Emergency preparedness and response .......................32
  3.1.4. External dimension of nuclear energy policy .............33
  3.1.5. ITER and fusion energy ..........................................................33
  3.1.6. Euratom safeguards ................................................................33
  3.1.7. European Commission research and innovation programmes .....34
  3.1.8. Activities of the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre ......35
 3.2. Country-specific developments ........................................................37
 3.3. Non-power applications of nuclear technology: supply of medical radioisotopes ....46
  3.3.1. SAMIRA ...........................47
  3.3.2. Monitoring the supply of Mo-99 in the EU ..................47
  3.3.3. Studies and research ...............................................................48
  3.3.4. New infrastructure developments....................................49
 
4. World market for nuclear fuels in 2024 ................................................52
 4.1. Primary uranium supply ......53
 4.2. Secondary sources .................54
 4.3. Conversion ..................................55
 4.4. Enrichment .................................56
 4.5. Fuel fabrication ........................58
 4.6. Reprocessing and recycling ................................................................59
 4.7. Storage and repository of nuclear spent fuel ..........................60
 
5. Key achievements .............................61
 5.1. Mission and governance .....61
 5.2. Principal activities ...................62
  5.2.1. Contract management ............................................................62
  5.2.2. Security and diversification of the nuclear fuel supply chain ....63
  5.2.3. Market monitoring and analysis ........................................65
  5.2.4. Supply of medical radioisotopes .......................................66
  5.2.5. Cooperation with stakeholders and partners .............68
 
6. Management  .......................................70
 6.1. Budgetary and financial management ........................................70
 6.2. Human resources ....................72
 6.3. Information management and communication ......................72
 6.4. Audit and discharge ...............73
 6.5. Internal control and assurance ........................................................73
 6.6. Improving effectiveness and efficiency ........................................74
 
Annexes ........................................................76
 Annex 1 EU-27 gross and net requirements (quantities in tU and tSW) .......76
 Annex 2 Fuel loaded into EU reactors and deliveries of fresh fuel under purchasing contracts ....77
 Annex 3 ESA average prices for natural uranium ...........................79
 Annex 4 Purchases of natural uranium by EU utilities, by origin, 2015-2024 (tU) ...81
 Annex 5 Use of plutonium in MOX in the EU and estimated natural uranium and separative work savings ....82
 Annex 6 EU nuclear undertakings that contributed to this report ....83
 Annex 7 Uranium suppliers to EU utilities ...........................................83
 Annex 8 Calculation method for ESA’s average U₃O₈ prices .....84
 Annex 9 ECA Audit Report 2023 ...............................................................86
 Annex 10 Declaration of assurance........................................................94
 Annex 11 Work Programme 2025 ...........................................................96
 
List of tables ..............................................99
 
List of figures ............................................99
 
Contact information ............................100