KETEP 세계에너지시장정보

Abstract ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 

Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................................................................................. 4 

1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 5 

2 The CoM greenhouse gas accounting framework .......................................................................... 7 
 2.1 Key concepts ................................................................................................................................................................................. 7 
 2.2 Guiding principles ....................................................................................................................................................................... 9 
 2.3 Scope, boundaries and activity sectors ....................................................................................................................... 11 
 2.4 Main methodological choices ........................................................................................................................................... 14 
  2.4.1 Emission accounting approach .................................................................................................................... 14 
  2.4.2 Baseline and reference years ...................................................................................................................... 16 
  2.4.3 Emission reduction target .............................................................................................................................. 17 
  2.4.4 Activity sectors and activities to be included ...................................................................................... 20 
 2.5 Monitoring progress ............................................................................................................................................................... 22 
  2.5.1 Consistency over time ...................................................................................................................................... 22 
 2.6 Summary of methodological options for GHG accounting .............................................................................. 23 

3 Setting up an emission inventory ..................................................................................................... 26 
 3.1 Buildings (stationary energy) ............................................................................................................................................ 26 
 3.2 Transport ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 29 
 3.3 Non-energy-related sectors ............................................................................................................................................... 31 
  3.3.1 Waste and wastewater management ..................................................................................................... 32 
 3.4 Local energy generation and supply ............................................................................................................................. 34 
  3.4.1 Local generation and supply of electricity ........................................................................................... 35 
  3.4.2 Local generation and supply of heat and cold ................................................................................... 36 
  3.4.3 Summary of sources and emissions to be included ....................................................................... 37 

4 Activity data collection ........................................................................................................................ 38 
 4.1 Data collection and sources: Buildings ........................................................................................................................ 40 
  4.1.1 Municipal buildings, equipment and facilities ..................................................................................... 41 
  4.1.2 National and regional data sources ......................................................................................................... 42 
  4.1.3 Data from market operators ........................................................................................................................ 42 
  4.1.4 Data from consumer surveys ...................................................................................................................... 43 
 4.2 Data collection and sources: Transport ....................................................................................................................... 45 
  4.2.1 Road transportation ........................................................................................................................................... 45 
  4.2.2 Rail transportation .............................................................................................................................................. 51 
 4.3 Data collection and sources: Local energy generation and supply ............................................................. 51 
  4.3.1 Local generation of electricity ..................................................................................................................... 52 
  4.3.2 Local generation and supply of heat and cold ................................................................................... 52 
 4.4 Data collection and sources: Waste and wastewater management .......................................................... 53 
 
5 Emission factors ..................................................................................................................................... 55 
 5.1 Greenhouse gas emission factors for energy use ................................................................................................ 56 
  5.1.1 CoM default emission factors ..................................................................................................................... 56 
  5.1.2 Context-specific GHG emission factors .................................................................................................. 56 
  5.1.3 Treatment of biomass ..................................................................................................................................... 57 
 5.2 GHG emissions associated with local generation and supply of electricity ........................................... 59 
  5.2.1 GHG emission factors for grid-supplied electricity .......................................................................... 59 
  5.2.2 Indirect GHG emissions from local generation and supply of electricity ............................ 60 
  5.2.3 Use of certified ‘green’ electricity ............................................................................................................. 61 
  5.2.4 Calculation of the LEEFEL .............................................................................................................................. 61 
 5.3 GHG emissions from local generation and supply of heat/cold .................................................................... 62 
 5.4 GHG emissions associated with waste and wastewater management .................................................... 63 
  5.4.1 Solid waste disposal ......................................................................................................................................... 64 
  5.4.2 Biological treatment of solid waste ......................................................................................................... 67 
  5.4.3 Domestic wastewater treatment ............................................................................................................... 67 
 
6 Documentation and reporting of GHG emissions ........................................................................ 69 
 6.1 Reporting platforms and tools ......................................................................................................................................... 70 

7 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................................... 71 
 
References ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 72 

List of abbreviations and definitions ...................................................................................................................................... 75 

List of boxes ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 77 

List of figures ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 78 

List of tables ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 79 

Annexes ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 80 
 Annex 1. Recalculation examples ................................................................................................................................... 80 
 Annex 2. Summary of approaches, tools and data on road transport ...................................................... 82 
 Annex 3. Allocation of emissions between electricity and heat from CHP generation .................... 84 
 Annex 4. Municipal solid waste data by European region ................................................................................ 85