KETEP 세계에너지시장정보

LIST OF BOXES 7 

LIST OF FIGURES 7 

LIST OF TABLES 8 

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 9 

GLOSSARY OF KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS 10 

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 11 

INTRODUCTION 15 
 1.1. Objectives of the study 15 
 1.2. Methodology 15 
 1.3. Relevant EU policies and strategies 16 
 1.4. Relevant national policies and strategies 17 
 
CONTRACTUAL STRUCTURES OF CFDS AND PPAS 18 
 2.1. Introduction 18 
 2.2. CfD types and characteristics 20 
  2.2.1. CfDs to stimulate renewable electricity production 20 
  2.2.2. CfDs to stimulate nuclear energy, hydrogen and biomethane production 26 
  2.2.3. CfDs to stimulate green energy procurement and electrification 29 
  2.2.4. CCfDs to stimulate decarbonisation of energy end-use 31 
 2.3. PPA types and characteristics 32 
  2.3.1. Main characteristics 32 
  2.3.2. Types of PPA contracts 33 
  2.3.3. Risks, pricing and coverage 35 
 2.4. Combined use of CfDs and PPAs 37 
 2.5. Comparison 39 
 
OVERVIEW OF THE ADOPTION OF PPAS AND CFDS 42 
 3.1. CfDs 42 
 3.2. PPAs 49 
 3.3. Conclusions 60 
 
STRATEGIES AND POLICY OPTIONS TO ENHANCE THE ADOPTION OF PPAS/CFDS 62 
 4.1. EIB Guarantee Pilot scheme for PPAs 62 
 4.2. Clean Flexibility Instrument 63 
 4.3. National State Guarantee Schemes 63 
  4.3.1. France 64 
  4.3.2. Spain 64
  4.3.3. Italy 64
  4.3.4. Germany 65
 4.4. European Commission’s guidance on the design of CfDs and their combination with PPAs 65
 4.5. Barriers and challenges 66
  4.5.1. Barriers and challenges to CfD implementation 66
  4.5.2. Barriers and challenges to PPA uptake 67
  4.5.3. Barriers and challenges to RES deployment 69
 4.6. Conclusions 69

IMPACT OF INCREASED PPAS/CFDS UPTAKE 70
 5.1. Future trends in CfDs and PPAs 70
 5.2. Low and high PPA/CfD uptake scenarios 72
  5.2.1. Approach 72
  5.2.2. Scenarios 75
 5.3. Main effects on the electricity market 80
 5.4. Impacts of low and high uptake of PPAs and CfDs 84
  5.4.1. Costs 85
  5.4.2. Other impacts 87

KEY FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 92
 6.1. Key findings 92
 6.2. Recommendations 95

REFERENCES 99