KETEP 세계에너지시장정보

Abstract ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 

Foreword on the Clean Energy Technology Observatory................................................................................................ 4 

Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................................................................................. 5 

Executive summary .............................................................................................................................................................................. 6 

1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 9 
 1.1. Scope and context ............................................................................................................................................................... 9 
 1.2. Methodology and data sources ................................................................................................................................... 9 
 
2. Technology status and development trends ............................................................................................................... 11 
 2.1. Technology overview ...................................................................................................................................................... 11 
  2.1.1. Biomass pre-treatment ................................................................................................................................... 11 
  2.1.2. Thermochemical conversion: combustion ............................................................................................. 12 
  2.1.3. Thermochemical conversion: gasification ............................................................................................. 13 
  2.1.4. Thermochemical conversion: pyrolysis ................................................................................................... 13 
  2.1.5. Thermochemical conversion: hydrothermal processing ................................................................ 14 
  2.1.6. Biochemical conversion: anaerobic digestion ..................................................................................... 15 
  2.1.7. Upgrading: biogas to biomethane ............................................................................................................. 15 
  2.1.8. Upgrading: syngas cleaning .......................................................................................................................... 16 
 2.2. Technology readiness level ......................................................................................................................................... 17 
 2.3. Installed capacity, energy production and consumption ............................................................................ 18 
  2.3.1. Global bioelectricity production trends ................................................................................................... 18 
  2.3.2. EU Bioenergy consumption ........................................................................................................................... 20 
  2.3.3. Biogas and Biomethane production in Europe ................................................................................... 22 
   2.3.3.1. EU Bio-LNG .................................................................................................................................................. 25 
   2.3.3.2. EU Bio-CNG .................................................................................................................................................. 26 
  2.3.4. EU Bioelectricity generation .......................................................................................................................... 26 
  2.3.5. EU Bio-Heat generation ................................................................................................................................... 27 
 2.4. Technology costs ............................................................................................................................................................... 29 
  2.4.1. Bioenergy costs .................................................................................................................................................... 29 
  2.4.2. Biomethane costs ............................................................................................................................................... 30 
 2.5. Public RD&I funding ........................................................................................................................................................ 31 
 2.6. Private RD&I funding ...................................................................................................................................................... 34 
  2.6.1. Venture Capital and Private Equity ........................................................................................................... 34 
 2.7. Patenting trends ................................................................................................................................................................ 36 
 2.8. Scientific publication trends ....................................................................................................................................... 39 
 2.9. Assessment of EU R&I project developments .................................................................................................. 44 

3. Value Chain Analysis ................................................................................................................................................................. 48 
 3.1. Turnover and Gross Value Added ............................................................................................................................ 48 
 3.2. Environmental and socio-economic sustainability ........................................................................................ 50 
 3.3. Role of EU companies .................................................................................................................................................... 51 
 3.4. Employment ......................................................................................................................................................................... 51 
 3.5. Energy intensity and labour productivity............................................................................................................. 54 
 3.6. EU production data .......................................................................................................................................................... 54 

4. EU market position and global competitiveness ....................................................................................................... 57 
 4.1. Global markets and growths prospects ............................................................................................................... 57 
  4.1.1. Current EU positioning in the global market ....................................................................................... 57 
  4.1.2. Market prospects................................................................................................................................................. 57 
 4.2. Trade (import/export) and trade balance ............................................................................................................ 62 
 4.3. Status of net-zero technology systems and components in the EU ................................................... 65 
  4.3.1. Relevant final products and primarily used components ............................................................ 65 
  4.3.2. EU manufacturing benchmarks .................................................................................................................. 66 
  4.3.3. EU share in global manufacturing benchmark .................................................................................. 67 
 4.4. Resource efficiency and dependency in relation to EU competitiveness .......................................... 67 

5. Conclusions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 68 

References ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 70 

List of abbreviations and definitions ...................................................................................................................................... 72 

List of figures ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 74 

List of tables ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 76 

Annexes ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 77 
 Annex 1 Sustainability assessment framework ............................................................................................................... 78 
 Annex 2 Energy System Models and Scenarios ................................................................................................................ 90