에너지정책동향보고서

정책동향보고서

제목	EU) 탑재된 탄소 포집 기술: 지속 가능한 해운을 위한 기술 및 대체 연료 연구
국가	[EU]	출처	Publications Office of the European Union
산업구분	[기타]	등록일	2026.03.13
본 보고서는 해운 선박 운항 과정에서 발생하는 이산화탄소를 직접 포집하는 기술의 원리, 적용 가능성, 기술적 과제 및 정책적 함의를 분석한 보고서이다. 원문 제목 및 목차 제목 : Onboard carbon capture technologies: Studies on technologies & alternative fuels for sustainable shipping 원문목차 : 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ 27 1.1 Background ............................................................................................................................................... 27 1.1.1 Sailing in challenging waters .............................................................................................................. 27 1.1.2 OCCS technologies as means to navigate challenges ...................................................................... 29 1.2 Objective and Scope ................................................................................................................................. 30 2. State of Play on the Use of OCCS Technologies ........................................................................................... 31 2.1 Overview of OCCS Systems and Technology Categories ........................................................................ 31 2.1.1 Post-combustion technologies ........................................................................................................... 31 2.1.2 Pre-combustion technologies ............................................................................................................. 32 2.1.3 Oxy-fuel combustion technologies ..................................................................................................... 33 2.1.4 Technology combinations, pre- and after-treatment .......................................................................... 33 2.2 Description of OCCS technologies ............................................................................................................ 34 2.2.1 Post combustion OCCS technologies ................................................................................................ 34 2.2.1.1 Chemical absorption .................................................................................................................. 34 2.2.1.2 Physical adsorption .................................................................................................................... 35 2.2.1.3 Mineralization ............................................................................................................................. 36 2.2.1.4 Membrane separation ................................................................................................................ 36 2.2.1.5 Cryogenic separation ................................................................................................................. 36 2.2.1.6 Electro-separation ...................................................................................................................... 37 2.2.2 Pre combustion OCCS technologies and key terminology ................................................................ 37 2.2.2.1 Pre combustion marine fuel reforming ....................................................................................... 37 2.2.2.2 LNG pyrolysis ............................................................................................................................. 37 2.2.3 Oxy-fuel combustion OCCS technology and key terminology ........................................................... 38 2.2.3.1 Oxy-fuel combustion .................................................................................................................. 38 2.2.4 CO₂ conversion .................................................................................................................................. 38 2.3 Assessment of technology maturity level .................................................................................................. 38 2.3.1 TRL categories ................................................................................................................................... 38 2.3.2 Non-exhaustive list of pilot projects ................................................................................................... 39 2.3.2.1 Chemical absorption .................................................................................................................. 39 2.3.2.2 Mineralization ............................................................................................................................. 42 2.3.2.3 Membranes ................................................................................................................................ 43 2.3.2.4 Physical adsorption .................................................................................................................... 43 2.3.3 OCCS feasibility and research studies .............................................................................................. 44 2.3.3.1 Chemical absorption .................................................................................................................. 44 2.3.3.2 Physical adsorption .................................................................................................................... 46 2.3.3.3 Membrane .................................................................................................................................. 47 2.3.3.4 Cryo-separation ......................................................................................................................... 47 2.3.3.5 Pre-combustion OCC ................................................................................................................. 48 2.3.4 Non-exhaustive list of OCCS commercial variants ............................................................................ 48 2.3.4.1 Chemical absorption .................................................................................................................. 48 2.3.4.2 Physical adsorption .................................................................................................................... 50 2.3.4.3 Mineralization ............................................................................................................................. 50 2.3.4.4 Membrane Separation ............................................................................................................... 50 2.3.4.5 Cryogenic Separation ................................................................................................................ 51 2.3.4.6 Electro-separation ...................................................................................................................... 52 2.3.4.7 Pre combustion marine fuel reforming ....................................................................................... 52 2.3.4.8 LNG pyrolysis ............................................................................................................................. 52 2.3.4.9 Oxy-fuel combustion .................................................................................................................. 53 2.3.5 Assessment of the maturity of the various OCC technologies ........................................................... 53 2.3.6 Conclusions on Overview of OCCS and technology categories ........................................................ 54 3. Sustainability, Cost Analysis and Suitability ................................................................................................. 55 3.1 Sustainability ............................................................................................................................................. 55 3.1.1 GHG Reduction potential ................................................................................................................... 55 3.1.1.1 Approach .................................................................................................................................... 55 3.1.1.2 Technology CO2 reduction performance ................................................................................... 56 3.1.2 Use of resources ................................................................................................................................ 59 3.1.3 LCO₂ Port offloading .......................................................................................................................... 61 3.1.4 Lifecycle footprint ............................................................................................................................... 62 3.1.5 Conclusions on sustainability ............................................................................................................. 64 3.2 Cost Economic Analysis ............................................................................................................................ 65 3.2.1 Selection of case study ships ............................................................................................................. 65 3.2.1.1 Overview .................................................................................................................................... 65 3.2.1.2 Selection of vessel types ........................................................................................................... 66 3.2.1.3 Methodology .............................................................................................................................. 67 3.2.1.4 Key assumptions ........................................................................................................................ 68 3.2.1.5 Technology Selection Criteria .................................................................................................... 68 3.2.2 Selected vessels overview ................................................................................................................. 69 3.2.2.1 Suezmax vessel ......................................................................................................................... 69 3.2.2.2 15,000 TEU Dual Fuel LNG container ....................................................................................... 70 3.2.2.3 Ro-Pax ....................................................................................................................................... 71 3.2.2.4 174,000 m3 LNGC ...................................................................................................................... 72 3.2.2.5 1,700 TEU Feeder Container ..................................................................................................... 73 3.2.2.6 MR tanker................................................................................................................................... 73 3.2.2.7 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................... 74 3.2.3 Performance Indicators ...................................................................................................................... 74 3.2.3.1 Fuel penalty performance indicator ........................................................................................... 74 3.2.3.2 Technology capture capacity ..................................................................................................... 74 3.2.3.3 Technology capture rate performance indicator ........................................................................ 75 3.2.3.4 Ship emissions reduction performance indicators ..................................................................... 75 3.2.3.5 Energy impact of OCC ............................................................................................................... 76 3.3 Emission reduction performance through selected ship cases ................................................................. 76 3.3.1 Economic impact analysis .................................................................................................................. 80 3.3.2 Economic viability ............................................................................................................................... 87 3.3.2.1 EU ETS impact .......................................................................................................................... 87 3.3.2.2 Scenario-Based Assessment of OCCS and Biofuels/Bio-LNG Under the IMO GFI Metric ....... 88 3.3.3 Conclusions on Cost Economic Analysis ........................................................................................... 98 3.4 Suitability ................................................................................................................................................... 99 3.4.1 Technology-related parameters ......................................................................................................... 99 3.4.2 Ship-related parameters ................................................................................................................... 100 3.4.3 Value chain-related parameters ....................................................................................................... 100 3.4.4 Assessment on suitability ................................................................................................................. 101 3.4.5 Suitability analysis for selected cases .............................................................................................. 103 3.4.5.1 Space and Layout Considerations ........................................................................................... 103 3.4.5.2 Newbuilding vs Retrofit Integration .......................................................................................... 104 3.4.5.3 LCO₂ onboard storage tanks ................................................................................................... 104 3.4.5.4 Chemical Solvents onboard storage capacities ....................................................................... 105 3.4.5.5 Weight and Structural Impacts ................................................................................................. 107 3.4.5.6 Impact on Stability .................................................................................................................... 109 3.4.5.7 Impact on Cargo Capacity ....................................................................................................... 110 3.4.6 Conclusions on Suitability ................................................................................................................ 110 3.5 Top-down approach ................................................................................................................................ 111 3.5.1 Additional vessel segments performance indicator ......................................................................... 111 3.5.2 Feasibility analysis ........................................................................................................................... 112 3.5.3 Integration considerations ................................................................................................................ 113 3.5.4 Regulatory and Trade Sensitivity ..................................................................................................... 113 3.5.5 Recommendations ........................................................................................................................... 114 3.5.6 Top-down analysis conclusions ....................................................................................................... 114 4. CCUS Value Chain ........................................................................................................................................... 115 4.1 Global storage projects status ................................................................................................................. 115 4.1.1 CCUS value chain developments .................................................................................................... 115 4.1.2 Projected CO2 capture from OCCS .................................................................................................. 116 4.1.3 Developments related to CO₂ disposal ............................................................................................ 117 4.2 Transportation ......................................................................................................................................... 117 4.3 Captured CO₂ specifications ................................................................................................................... 118 4.4 Offloading methods related to OCC ........................................................................................................ 119 4.4.1 Cryogenic liquid CO₂ ........................................................................................................................ 119 4.4.2 Compressed gas .............................................................................................................................. 120 4.4.3 Liquid saturated with CO₂ ................................................................................................................ 120 4.4.4 Solids and minerals .......................................................................................................................... 120 4.5 Permanent storage and utilization ........................................................................................................... 120 4.6 Cost Considerations Across the CCUS Value Chain .............................................................................. 121 4.7 Challenges and remarks ......................................................................................................................... 122 4.8 Conclusions on CCUS value chain ......................................................................................................... 123 5. Safety and Environmental Regulations, Standards and Guidelines .......................................................... 124 5.1 International ............................................................................................................................................. 124 5.1.1 IMO ................................................................................................................................................... 124 5.1.1.1 Environmental Regulations ...................................................................................................... 125 5.1.1.2 Safety Regulations ................................................................................................................... 127 5.1.2 Industry Organisations ..................................................................................................................... 129 5.1.3 Classification Societies .................................................................................................................... 129 5.1.3.1 The International Association of Classification Societies ........................................................ 129 5.1.3.2 American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) ....................................................................................... 129 5.1.3.3 Bureau Veritas (BV) ................................................................................................................. 130 5.1.3.4 Det Norske Veritas (DNV) ........................................................................................................ 130 5.1.3.5 Lloyd’s Register (LR) ............................................................................................................... 130 5.1.3.6 Registro Italiano Navale (RINA) ............................................................................................... 131 5.1.4 International Organization for Standardization................................................................................. 131 5.2 European Union ...................................................................................................................................... 131 5.2.1 Fit for 55 ........................................................................................................................................... 132 5.2.2 EU ETS ............................................................................................................................................ 132 5.2.3 FuelEU Maritime .............................................................................................................................. 132 5.2.4 CCS and CCUS Related Regulations and Initiatives ....................................................................... 133 5.2.4.1 Industrial Carbon Management Strategy ................................................................................. 133 5.2.4.2 European Commission Work Programme 2026 ...................................................................... 133 5.3 Other regional and national regulations .................................................................................................. 134 5.4 GAP analysis ........................................................................................................................................... 136 5.5 Conclusions on regulations ..................................................................................................................... 139 6. Risk Assessment using Onboard Carbon Capture and Storage Technologies ....................................... 140 6.1 OCCS safety ........................................................................................................................................... 140 6.2 HAZID Objectives, Process, Scope and Assumption ............................................................................. 142 6.2.1 Objectives......................................................................................................................................... 142 6.2.2 Common Scope ............................................................................................................................... 142 6.2.3 HAZID Methodology ......................................................................................................................... 142 6.2.4 Hazards ............................................................................................................................................ 146 6.2.5 Assumptions for the HAZID studies ................................................................................................. 147 6.2.5.1 Chemical absorption case........................................................................................................ 147 6.2.5.2 Mineralization case .................................................................................................................. 148 6.3 HAZID Results – Findings and Recommendations ................................................................................. 149 6.3.1 Suezmax and MR tanker vessels using chemical absorption with CO₂ onboard liquefaction ......... 149 6.3.2 RoPax vessel and 1,700 TEU container using mineralization with CaCO3 onboard storage .......... 151 7. Overall Conclusions on Onboard Carbon Capture Technologies ............................................................. 153 References ............................................................................................................................................................... 158 Appendix A OCCS Project Inventory ............................................................................................................... 162 Appendix B Suezmax cost economic analysis ............................................................................................... 177 Appendix C 15,000 TEU Dual Fuel LNG container cost economic analysis ................................................ 194 Appendix D Ro-Pax cost economic analysis .................................................................................................. 209 Appendix E LNGC cost economic analysis .................................................................................................... 222 Appendix F 1,700 TEU Feeder container cost economic analysis ............................................................... 236 Appendix G MR Tanker cost economic analysis ............................................................................................ 250 Appendix H Suezmax and MR tanker HAZID/HAZOP log – chemical absorption OCCS ........................... 264 Appendix I RoPax and Feeder Container HAZID/HAZOP log – mineralization OCCS .............................. 281 ※ 본 정보는 게시일로부터 수정/변경될 수 있으므로, 정확한 내용은 아래 출처의 링크를 통해 확인하시기 바랍니다.
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