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제목 : Technical and Economic Aspects of Load Following with Nuclear Power Plants

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1 Introduction ..............................................................................................................................................9

1.1 Example: Electricity generation in France ......................................................................................10

2 The manoeuvring capability of past and modern nuclear power plants.................................................17

2.1 Current utilities’ requirements for manoeuvring capabilities .........................................................17

2.2 The manoeuvring capability of older and modern light water reactors ..........................................19

3 Technical aspects of load following with nuclear power plants.............................................................25

3.1 Physical aspects of the power generation and regulation................................................................25

3.2 Operation of the NPPs with light water reactors.............................................................................26

3.3 Influence of the load-following on the life-time expectancy of large components.........................41

3.4 Fuel performance in the load following mode ................................................................................42

4 Economic aspects of load following ......................................................................................................45

4.1 Load factor and the cost of electricity generation ...........................................................................45

4.2 Influence of the load-following on the equipment and the fuel ......................................................48

5 Conclusions............................................................................................................................................49

6 References..............................................................................................................................................50