KETEP 세계에너지시장정보

Contents
Preface ................................................................................................................... 5
Abstract.................................................................................................................. 6
1 Initial situation – Energy communities and digital technologies for a decentralised
energy system ................................................................................................... 8
1.1 Methodology/approach............................................................................................ 10
2 EU framework legislation ................................................................................. 12
2.1 Key terminology in the EU framework legislation................................................... 12
2.2 Collective self-consumption..................................................................................... 14
2.3 Progress of legal implementation in the EU ............................................................ 15
3 Energy communities – Expanded definition of the term from the perspective of
business models .............................................................................................. 18
4 Selected digital technologies in energy communities........................................... 21
4.1 Opening up new fields of application and market roles in the energy system ...... 21
4.1.1 Aggregation ............................................................................................................... 22
4.1.2 Peer-to-peer energy sharing and peer-to-peer energy trading............................... 23
4.1.3 Provision of flexibility ............................................................................................... 26
4.1.4 Guarantees of (regional) origin................................................................................. 27
4.2 Digital core technologies as a prerequisite.............................................................. 28
4.2.1 Smart meters............................................................................................................. 30
4.2.2 Platforms and data management systems .............................................................. 34
4.2.3 Distributed ledger technologies, blockchain, smart contracts ............................... 37
5 Energy communities in selected EU countries ..................................................... 42
5.1 The Netherlands........................................................................................................ 44
5.1.1 Regulatory framework .............................................................................................. 45
Energy communities: Accelerators of the decentralised energy transition
4
5.1.2 Digitalisation of the Dutch energy market ............................................................... 46
5.1.3 Application example: peer-to-peer direct selling (Vandebron)............................... 47
5.1.4 Application example: the GOPACS market platform ............................................... 47
5.2 Spain.......................................................................................................................... 49
5.2.1 Regulatory framework .............................................................................................. 50
5.2.2 Digitalisation of the Spanish energy market............................................................ 50
5.2.3 Application example: Som Energia .......................................................................... 51
5.3 Denmark.................................................................................................................... 52
5.3.1 Regulatory framework .............................................................................................. 53
5.3.2 Digitalisation of the Danish energy market.............................................................. 55
5.3.3 Application example: EcoGrid 2.0............................................................................. 55
5.4 Concluding notes on the implementation of energy communities in the different
countries.................................................................................................................... 56
5.5 Legal implementation in Germany........................................................................... 57
6 Results of the survey on the use of digital technologies in energy communities...... 60
6.1 Use of digital technologies ....................................................................................... 60
6.2 General potential and barriers ................................................................................. 64
6.3 Concluding notes on the use of digital technologies in the energy communities
surveyed .................................................................................................................... 67
7 Summary and next steps .................................................................................. 68
7.1 Next steps for the further development of energy communities in Germany........ 73
8 Appendix ........................................................................................................ 75
Table of figures ............................................................................................................. 77
List of tables.................................................................................................................. 78
Bibliography.................................................................................................................. 79
Acknowledgements....................................................................................................... 96