KETEP 세계에너지시장정보

Executive summary ...................................................................................................... 11
Covid-19 response.......................................................................................................... 13
Addressing energy poverty and high energy prices ........................................................ 14
Reducing dependence on Russian fossil fuels ............................................................... 14
Key recommendations .................................................................................................... 15
1. General energy policy .............................................................................................. 17
Country overview ............................................................................................................ 17
Energy supply and demand ............................................................................................ 18
Key energy sector stakeholders...................................................................................... 20
Energy and climate policies and targets ......................................................................... 22
Covid-19 response.......................................................................................................... 24
Addressing energy poverty and high energy prices ........................................................ 25
Reducing dependence on Russian fossil fuels ............................................................... 27
Energy taxation............................................................................................................... 28
Fossil fuel subsidies........................................................................................................ 30
Assessment .................................................................................................................... 31
Recommendations.......................................................................................................... 33
ENERGY SYSTEM TRANSFORMATION
2. Energy and climate change ..................................................................................... 35
Overview......................................................................................................................... 35
Energy-related greenhouse gas emissions..................................................................... 36
Emissions drivers and carbon intensity........................................................................... 38
Climate targets................................................................................................................ 38
Climate policy and mitigation measures.......................................................................... 39
EU Emissions Trading System ....................................................................................... 42
Methane emissions......................................................................................................... 43
Carbon capture, utilisation and storage .......................................................................... 43
Climate change impacts and adaptation......................................................................... 44
Assessment .................................................................................................................... 45
Recommendations.......................................................................................................... 48
3. Energy efficiency ...................................................................................................... 49
Overview......................................................................................................................... 49
Energy demand and efficiency improvements ................................................................ 50
Energy efficiency targets................................................................................................. 51
Efficiency policy and measures....................................................................................... 52
Assessment .................................................................................................................... 63
Recommendations.......................................................................................................... 66
4. Renewable energy .................................................................................................... 69
Overview......................................................................................................................... 69
Renewable energy targets .............................................................................................. 70
Renewable energy policy and measures ........................................................................ 71
Assessment .................................................................................................................... 82
Recommendations.......................................................................................................... 85
5. Energy research and development ......................................................................... 89
Overview......................................................................................................................... 89
Energy innovation priorities and guiding documents....................................................... 90
Key actors in the energy technology innovation ecosystem............................................ 91
Resource push................................................................................................................ 91
Knowledge management ................................................................................................ 94
Market pull ...................................................................................................................... 95
Monitoring, evaluation and tracking of results................................................................. 95
Assessment .................................................................................................................... 96
Recommendations.......................................................................................................... 99
6. Electricity................................................................................................................. 101
Overview....................................................................................................................... 101
Electricity demand, generation and trade...................................................................... 101
Infrastructure................................................................................................................. 103
Market structure............................................................................................................ 109
Electricity policy ............................................................................................................ 115
Electricity security ......................................................................................................... 119
Assessment .................................................................................................................. 121
Recommendations........................................................................................................ 124
7. Natural gas .............................................................................................................. 127
Overview....................................................................................................................... 127
Gas demand, supply and trade..................................................................................... 128
Infrastructure................................................................................................................. 130
Market structure............................................................................................................ 133
Gas policy ..................................................................................................................... 136
Gas security.................................................................................................................. 140
Assessment .................................................................................................................. 142
Recommendations........................................................................................................ 143
8. Oil............................................................................................................................. 145
Overview....................................................................................................................... 145
Crude oil supply ............................................................................................................ 146
Oil products supply, demand and trade ........................................................................ 147
Infrastructure................................................................................................................. 149
Market structure............................................................................................................ 151
Oil policy ....................................................................................................................... 153
Oil emergency response policy..................................................................................... 156
Assessment .................................................................................................................. 158
Recommendations........................................................................................................ 160