KETEP 세계에너지시장정보

Abstract ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 

Foreword on the Clean Energy Technology Observatory ............................................................................................... 4 

Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................................................................................. 5 

Executive summary .............................................................................................................................................................................. 6 

1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 9 
 1.1 Scope and context ................................................................................................................................................................. 9 
 1.2. Methodology and data sources ................................................................................................................................... 9 

2. Technology status and development trends ............................................................................................................... 10 
 2.1. Technology overview ...................................................................................................................................................... 10 
  2.1.1. Sub-technologies ................................................................................................................................................ 10 
  2.1.2. Various applications .......................................................................................................................................... 13 
  2.1.3. Heat pump efficiencies .................................................................................................................................... 16 
 2.2. Technology readiness level ......................................................................................................................................... 17 
  2.2.1. Trends ........................................................................................................................................................................ 18 
 2.3. Installed energy capacity and production/generation .................................................................................. 19 
  2.4. Technology costs............................................................................................................................................................... 25 
  2.5. Public RD&I funding ........................................................................................................................................................ 31 
  2.6. Private RD&I funding ...................................................................................................................................................... 32 
  2.6.1. Venture capital and early and later-stage investments ............................................................... 32 
 2.7. Patenting trends ................................................................................................................................................................ 33 
 2.8. Scientific publication trends ....................................................................................................................................... 35 
 2.9. Assessment of RD&I project developments ...................................................................................................... 37 

3. Value chain analysis .................................................................................................................................................................. 39 
 3.1. Turnover and Gross Value Added ............................................................................................................................ 39 
 3.2. Environmental and socio-economic sustainability ........................................................................................ 41 
 3.3. Role of EU companies .................................................................................................................................................... 42 
 3.4. Employment ......................................................................................................................................................................... 44 
 3.5. Labour productivity .......................................................................................................................................................... 45 
 3.6. EU production data .......................................................................................................................................................... 45 
 
4. EU market position and global competitiveness ....................................................................................................... 47 
 4.1. Global markets and growth prospects.................................................................................................................. 47 
  4.1.1. Current EU positioning in the global market ....................................................................................... 47 
 4.2. Trade (Import/export) and trade balance ............................................................................................................ 49 
 4.3. Status of net-zero technology systems and components in the EU ................................................... 50 
  4.3.1. The main heat pump components ............................................................................................................ 50 
  4.3.2. EU manufacturing benchmark..................................................................................................................... 52 
  4.3.3. EU share in global manufacturing benchmark .................................................................................. 52 
 4.4. Resource efficiency and dependence in relation to EU competitiveness .......................................... 53 
  4.4.1. Extra-EU trade of main components ....................................................................................................... 54 

5. Conclusions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 56 

References ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 57 

List of abbreviations and definitions ...................................................................................................................................... 62 

List of figures ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 63 

List of tables ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 65 

Annex 1 Summary of data sources ......................................................................................................................................... 66 

Annex 2 Sustainability assessment ......................................................................................................................................... 67 

Annex 3  Energy System Models and Scenarios: POTEnCIA and POLES-JRC ................................................... 72 
 Annex 3.1 The POTEnCIA model ......................................................................................................................................... 72 
  AN 3.1.1 Model Overview ................................................................................................................................................ 72 
  AN 3.1.2 POTEnCIA CETO 2025 Scenario ............................................................................................................... 73 
 AN 3.2 POLES-JRC model ....................................................................................................................................................... 74 
  AN 3.2.1 Model Overview ................................................................................................................................................ 74 
  AN 3.2.2 POLES-JRC Model description ................................................................................................................... 75 
  AN 3.2.3 Global CETO 2°C Scenario 2025 ............................................................................................................. 76 
 AN 3.3 Distinctions for the CETO 2025 Scenarios - POLES-JRC vs. POTEnCIA ........................................ 77