KETEP 세계에너지시장정보

Abstract ..................................................................................................................... 2 

Table of contents ....................................................................................................... 3 

Executive summary ................................................................................................... 5 

Introduction ............................................................................................................... 9 

Chapter1. Overview ...................................................................................... 10 
 Global energy employment growth .......................................................................... 11 
 Energy employment trends in 2024 ......................................................................... 15 
 Total energy employment by subsector and region ................................................. 19 
 Occupational trends ................................................................................................ 20 
 Wages ..................................................................................................................... 24 
 Gender .................................................................................................................... 26 
 Outlook .................................................................................................................... 28 

Chapter 2. The future of energy skills ........................................................ 30 
 Skilled workers shortages ....................................................................................... 33 
 An ageing workforce and lower youth entry ............................................................ 37 
 Vocational education levels ..................................................................................... 42 
 Digital skills and AI .................................................................................................. 43 
 Education ................................................................................................................ 45 
 Investment ............................................................................................................... 49 
 Workforce planning ................................................................................................. 51 
 Competitiveness and energy security...................................................................... 52 
 Upskilling and reskilling ........................................................................................... 55 

Chapter 3. Policy responses to address labour shortages ...................... 57 
 Policies options to attract and train more workers ................................................... 59 
 Typical education and training pathways for low-emissions energy occupations .... 64 
 Policy options to expand vocational education and training in EMDEs ................... 65 
 Reskilling, upskilling, and specialised training strategies ......................................... 66 
 Attracting youth and underrepresented groups........................................................ 70 
 Wages ..................................................................................................................... 78 
 Informal work ........................................................................................................... 79 
 Social dialogue ........................................................................................................ 80 
 
Chapter 4. Fuel supply, power sector and end uses ................................. 82 
 Fuel supply and critical minerals ......................................................................... 83 
  Oil and gas supply .............................................................................................. 84 
  Coal supply ......................................................................................................... 89 
  Bioenergy supply ................................................................................................ 91 
  Low-emission hydrogen ...................................................................................... 93 
  Critical minerals .................................................................................................. 94 
 Power sector .......................................................................................................... 96 
  Power sector overview ........................................................................................ 97 
  Solar PV ............................................................................................................ 100 
  Wind .................................................................................................................. 103 
  Nuclear .............................................................................................................. 105 
  Hydropower ....................................................................................................... 109 
  Gas-fired power generation ............................................................................... 111 
  Coal power generation ...................................................................................... 113 
  Grids ................................................................................................................. 114 
 End-use sectors: Vehicles and efficiency technologies .................................. 119 
  Vehicles ............................................................................................................ 120 
  Energy efficiency ............................................................................................... 123 
  Heat pumps ....................................................................................................... 126 

Annexes ....................................................................................................... 127 
 Methodology – the World Energy Employment model........................................... 128 
 Methodology – IEA Employment Surveys ............................................................. 134 
 Definitions and classifications ............................................................................... 136 
 Types of qualifications: Degrees, certificates, certifications, and licenses ............. 139 
 Occupations, skill levels and typical educational requirements ............................. 141 
 Glossary ................................................................................................................ 142 
 Abbreviations and acronyms ................................................................................. 146 
 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................... 148