KETEP 세계에너지시장정보

Acknowledgements .................................................................................................. 7 

List of abbreviations ................................................................................................. 8 

Executive summary .................................................................................................. 9 

1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 12 

2 Tropical Cyclones: Hurricanes, Typhoons and Monsoons ............................... 15 
 2.1 Overview ................................................................................................... 15 
 2.2 Equipment damage and failure mechanisms ............................................. 16 
 2.3 Economic impacts ..................................................................................... 16 
 2.4 Diagnostic tools ......................................................................................... 17 
 2.5 Mitigation strategies ................................................................................... 18 
 2.6 Key takeaways and recommendations....................................................... 19 
 
3 Severe Convective Storms: Hail, Tornadoes and Straight-line Winds .............. 23 
 3.1 Overview ................................................................................................... 23 
 3.2 Case studies, failure modes, and event severity ........................................ 24 
 3.3 Economic impacts of convective storm damage ........................................ 26 
 3.4 Response strategies for convective storm damage .................................... 26 
 3.5 Mitigation strategies for convective storm risk ............................................ 27 
 3.6 Key takeaways .......................................................................................... 29 
 
4 Snowstorms and Blizzards .............................................................................. 31 
 4.1 Overview ................................................................................................... 31 
 4.2 Operational impacts ................................................................................... 32 
 4.3 Mitigation strategies ................................................................................... 36 
 
5 Dust and Sandstorms ...................................................................................... 41 
 5.1 Definition and frequency ............................................................................ 41 
 5.2 Associated risks ......................................................................................... 41 
 5.3 Recommendations ..................................................................................... 43 
 
6 Heat Waves ..................................................................................................... 46 
 6.1 Definition ................................................................................................... 46 
 6.2 Impact on PV production ........................................................................... 47 
 6.3 Two types of heat waves ........................................................................... 48 
 6.4 Degradation effects of heat ........................................................................ 49 
 6.5 Mitigation strategies and key takeaways .................................................... 50 
 
7 Floods ............................................................................................................. 51
 7.1 Overview ................................................................................................... 51 
 7.2 Current practices and their limitations ........................................................ 51 
 7.3 Flood damage to PV plants ........................................................................ 51 
 7.4 Recommendations and key takeaways ...................................................... 54 
 
8 Wildfires .......................................................................................................... 55 
 8.1 Overview ................................................................................................... 55 
 8.2 Wildfire risk to PV systems ........................................................................ 56 
 8.3 Economic impacts ..................................................................................... 57 
 8.4 Performance losses ................................................................................... 57 
 8.5 Mitigation strategies ................................................................................... 59 
 8.6 Key recommendations and takeaways....................................................... 60 
 
9 Conclusions ......................................................................................................... 61 

References ............................................................................................................. 64