KETEP 세계에너지시장정보

Abstract ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 3 

Foreword on the Clean Energy Technology Observatory ............................................................................................................. 4 

Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 

Executive summary ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 

1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 11 
 1.1 Scope and context .................................................................................................................................................................................. 11 
 1.2 Methodology and data sources .................................................................................................................................................. 11 

2 Technology status and development trends ............................................................................................................................... 12 
 2.1 Technology overview ........................................................................................................................................................................... 12 
 2.2 Hydrogen production context ........................................................................................................................................................ 13 
 2.3 Carbon capture ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 13 
 2.4 Nitrogen separation .............................................................................................................................................................................. 13 
 2.5 Fuel synthesis: Power-to-Gas ....................................................................................................................................................... 13 
  2.5.1 e-CH4 (methanation with renewable hydrogen and CO2) .................................................................... 14 
 2.6 Fuel synthesis: Power-to-Liquid ................................................................................................................................................. 14 
  2.6.1 e-NH3 (ammonia) from renewable electricity via Haber Bosch process ................................. 15 
  2.6.2 e-methanol via methanolysis ....................................................................................................................................... 16 
  2.6.3 e-diesel, e-kerosene and e-gasoline via Fischer-Tropsch route ...................................................... 16 
  2.6.4 e-diesel, e-kerosene and e-gasoline via Methanol route ...................................................................... 17 
  2.6.5 e-DME (Dimethyl Ether) and e-OME (Oxymethylene Ethers) ............................................................. 18 
  2.6.6 Renewable jet fuel via innovative processes .................................................................................................. 19 
 2.7 Technology readiness level ............................................................................................................................................................ 20 
 2.8 Installed energy capacity and production/generation.............................................................................................. 20 
 2.9 Technology costs ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 22 
 2.10 Public RD&I funding.............................................................................................................................................................................. 23 
 2.11 Private RD&I funding ........................................................................................................................................................................... 29 
 2.12 Patenting trends ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 30 
 2.13 Scientific publication trends .......................................................................................................................................................... 31 
 2.14 Assessment of R&I project developments ........................................................................................................................ 33 

3 Value chain analysis ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 35 
 3.1 Turnover and Gross Value Added .............................................................................................................................................. 35 
 3.2 Environmental and socio-economic sustainability ..................................................................................................... 35 
 3.3 Role of EU companies ......................................................................................................................................................................... 36 
 3.4 Employment ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 38 
 3.5 Energy intensity and labour productivity ............................................................................................................................ 38 
 3.6 EU production data ................................................................................................................................................................................ 38 

4 EU market position and global competitiveness ...................................................................................................................... 39 
 4.1 Global markets and growth prospects .................................................................................................................................. 39 
  4.1.1 Current EU positioning in the global market .................................................................................................... 39 
  4.1.2 Market prospects ..................................................................................................................................................................... 39 
 4.2 Trade (Import/export) and trade balance ........................................................................................................................... 44 
 4.3 Status of net zero technology systems and components in the EU............................................................ 44 
  4.3.1 Relevant final products and primarily used components ..................................................................... 44 
  4.3.2 EU manufacturing benchmark ..................................................................................................................................... 46 
  4.3.3 EU share in global manufacturing benchmark .............................................................................................. 47 
 4.4 Resource efficiency and dependence in relation to EU competitiveness ................................................ 47 
 
5 Conclusions .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 48 

References ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 50 

List of abbreviations and definitions ......................................................................................................................................................... 57 

List of figures ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 59 

List of tables .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 60 

Annexes ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 61 
 Annex 1 Sustainability Assessment Framework .............................................................................................................................. 62 
 Annex 2 Energy System Models and Scenarios ................................................................................................................................ 72