KETEP 세계에너지시장정보

Executive summary .................................................................................................................. 8 

Chapter 1. The strategic role of flexibility in the Age of Electricity .................................. 12 
 Understanding the different sources of value from demand flexibility ....................... 13 
 The value of flexibility is elevated by affordability and energy security concerns ...... 14 
 Key types and enablers of demand flexibility ............................................................ 16 
 Moving from emergency demand response to strategic system capability ................ 18 

Chapter 2. Case studies representing different stages of flexibility development ......... 20 

Chapter 3. Demand flexibility today: The case of South Africa, 2025 .............................. 22 
 Why flexibility matters ............................................................................................... 22 
 South Africa’s power system and demand flexibility resources ................................. 23 
 The value of demand flexibility in South Africa ......................................................... 26 

Chapter 4. Demand flexibility in transforming power systems:  The case of Thailand, 2030 ....... 33 
 Pilot stage demand shifting for learning purposes .................................................... 33 
 Thailand’s power system and demand flexibility resource ........................................ 34 
 The value of demand flexibility in Thailand in 2030 .................................................. 39 

Chapter 5. Demand flexibility in a future power system: The case of Ireland, 2035 ....... 45 
 Flexibility as a core system resource ........................................................................ 45 
 Ireland’s power system and demand flexibility resource ........................................... 46 
 The value of demand flexibility in Ireland by 2035 .................................................... 50 

Chapter 6. Implementation challenges for scaling up demand flexibility ........................ 57 
 Participation, equity and consumer inclusion ............................................................ 57 
 Programme specific costs ........................................................................................ 60 
 Limits and risks of emergency peak shaving models ................................................ 61 
 Limits and risks of pilot-stage demand shifting ......................................................... 64 
 Limits and risks of fully integrated and automated flexibility ...................................... 67 
 
Chapter 7. Policy priorities for scaling up demand flexibility ........................................... 70 
 Measure and value flexibility as a system resource .................................................. 70 
 Build the digital and technical foundations early ....................................................... 71 
 Place consumers at the centre of flexibility design ................................................... 71 
 Ensure flexibility markets are inclusive, efficient and technology-neutral .................. 72 
 Integrate demand flexibility alongside wider system transformation .......................... 72 
 Move towards a more flexible and efficient power system ........................................ 73 

Annex. Description of modelling ....................................................................................... 74 
 Demand flexibility modelling ..................................................................................... 74 
 Description of the Thailand PLEXOS model ............................................................. 75 
 Description of the Ireland PLEXOS model ................................................................ 78 
 Abbreviations and acronyms .................................................................................... 83