KETEP 세계에너지시장정보

Acknowledgement ............................................................................................................................................. 5 

Licence Notice and Use Restrictions ................................................................................................................. 5 

List of Tables ..................................................................................................................................................... 5 

List of Figures .................................................................................................................................................... 10 

List of Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................................... 11 

Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................................... 13 

1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 16 

2 Life Cycle Inventories .......................................................................................................................... 19 
 2.1 PV modules ........................................................................................................................... 19 
 2.2 Balance of system ................................................................................................................. 33 
 2.3 Advice for use and limitations ................................................................................................ 38 
 2.4 Outlook for future updates ..................................................................................................... 42 

3 Life Cycle Inventory Data from Industry & Markets.............................................................................. 45 
 3.1 Bill of materials and country specific annual yield ................................................................. 45 
 3.2 Single-Crystalline Si PV......................................................................................................... 49 
 3.3 CdTe PV ................................................................................................................................ 81 
 3.4 PV module recycling .............................................................................................................. 85 
 3.5 PV mounting structures ......................................................................................................... 90 
 3.6 PV mounting structures – utility scale .................................................................................... 91 
 3.7 Electrical components ........................................................................................................... 93 
 3.8 Reference residential, commercial and utility scale PV systems ........................................... 105 
 3.9 Country specific photovoltaic mixes ...................................................................................... 106 

4 Life Cycle Inventory Data from Simulation ........................................................................................... 109 
 4.1 Production infrastructure ....................................................................................................... 109 
 4.2 LCI Monocrystalline Si PV ..................................................................................................... 113 
 
References ........................................................................................................................................................ 125 
 
Annex: Additional Inventories ............................................................................................................................ 130 
 Multi-Crystalline Si PV ......................................................................................................................... 130 
 CI(G)S modules ................................................................................................................................... 143 
 Perovskite silicon tandem PV .............................................................................................................. 145 
 Li-ion battery storage ........................................................................................................................... 148 
 Medium-large PV installations in Europe ............................................................................................. 158