KETEP 세계에너지시장정보

ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................6

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................... 7

INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 9

1 SOLAR PV IN THE ENERGY TRANSITION: CAPACITY AND MATERIAL DEMAND ............ 10
 1.1 Solar PV deployment in the energy transition ........................................................................10
 1.2 Material demand of solar PV deployment................................................................................12
 1.3 Critical materials and the solar PV industry.............................................................................17
 1.4 Environmental impacts related to rising material demand...................................................18

2 PROJECTION OF END-OF-LIFE SOLAR PV IN THE ENERGY TRANSITION ....................... 21
 2.1 Projection of global end-of-life solar PV panels .....................................................................21
 2.2 Projection of end-of-life solar PV panels in selected markets..............................................24

3 CURRENT STATUS OF END-OF-LIFE SOLAR PV TREATMENT ........................................... 30
 3.1 Current status of end-of-life solar panels globally and in selected markets......................30
 3.2 Waste streams from off-grid solar appliances ........................................................................34
 3.3 Environmental impacts related to landfilling and unregulated recycling...........................35

4 A CIRCULAR ECONOMY FOR END-OF-LIFE MANAGEMENT OF SOLAR PV PANELS ....... 37
 4.1 Definition of a circular economy................................................................................................37
 4.2 Circular economy for solar PV development: Principles and measures ..............................38
 4.3 Potential economic benefits from recovered materials .........................................................44
 4.4 Enabling the second-hand market ............................................................................................46
 4.5 Existing barriers to promoting the circular economy.............................................................48

5 ENABLING A CIRCULAR ECONOMY FRAMEWORK FOR SOLAR PV .............................. 51
 5.1 A policy framework for end-of-life solar PV panels ...............................................................51
 5.2 Key stakeholders and their roles ...............................................................................................52
 5.3 Policies and measures for enabling sustainable practices ....................................................54

6 THE WAY FORWARD..................................................................................................... 62

REFERENCES .................................................................................................................... 64

APPENDIX A: END-OF-LIFE MANAGEMENT POLICIES FOR SOLAR PV MODULES IN SELECTED MARKETS .... 76