에너지정책동향보고서

정책동향보고서

제목	글로벌) 세계 원자력산업 현황 보고서 2026
국가	[글로벌]	출처	WNISR
산업구분	[원자력발전]	등록일	2026.10.07
본 보고서는 2025년 세계 태양광 발전량이 처음으로 원자력 발전량을 연간 기준으로 추월하고 2025년 3월 이후 매달 풍력 또는 태양광 단독 발전량이 원자력을 앞선 가운데, 태양광 설비가 510GW 늘어 2,383GW, 풍력이 159GW 늘어 1,291GW에 달한 반면 원자력 설비는 1.5GW 증가한 399.5GW(가동 368.6GW)로 25년 이상 정체돼 있고 긴 건설기간과 SMR 실적 부재로 원자력 산업의 성장이 더디다고 분석한 보고서이다. 원문 제목 및 목차 제목 : World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2026 원문목차 : ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................ 14 FOREWORD ....................................................................... 16 KEY INSIGHTS ................................................................... 19 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS .............................................. 21 INTRODUCTION ................................................................... 40 GENERAL OVERVIEW WORLDWIDE ..................................................... 43 ROLE OF NUCLEAR POWER ........................................................ 43 OPERATION, POWER GENERATION, AGE DISTRIBUTION ................................ 48 The IAEA's Operating Reactors Data Revisions ............................... 51 OVERVIEW OF CURRENT NEWBUILD ................................................. 54 BUILDING VS. VENDOR COUNTRIES ................................................ 55 CONSTRUCTION TIMES ........................................................... 57 Construction Times of Reactors Currently Under Construction ................ 57 Construction Times of Past and Currently Operating Reactors ................ 58 CONSTRUCTION STARTS AND CANCELLATIONS ........................................ 61 OPERATING AGE ................................................................ 64 FOCUS COUNTRIES ................................................................ 70 CHINA FOCUS .................................................................. 70 Overview ................................................................... 70 State-Owned Giants: China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC) and China General Nuclear Power Corporation (CGNPC or CGN) ............... 74 China's Construction Costs and Capabilities ................................ 75 China's Growing Range of Nuclear Technologies .............................. 78 Nuclear and Renewable Energy ............................................... 82 FRANCE FOCUS ................................................................. 84 Overview ................................................................... 84 A 40+ Year-Old Reactor Fleet ............................................... 87 Nuclear Unavailability Review 2025 ......................................... 91 Stress Corrosion Cracking and Thermal Fatigue .............................. 91 Decennial Inspections and Lifetime Extensions .............................. 95 Modulation ................................................................. 95 Climate Resilience in Question ............................................. 100 Financial Issues ........................................................... 104 Flamanville-3: Difficult Construction, Bumpy Road to Commissioning ......... 105 The EPR2 Project ........................................................... 107 Energy Planning ............................................................ 108 Conclusion ................................................................. 110 HUNGARY FOCUS ................................................................ 111 Nuclear Fuel Dependency .................................................... 112 Paks I ..................................................................... 113 Paks II Construction ....................................................... 114 Energy Policy Developments ................................................. 119 JAPAN FOCUS .................................................................. 120 Overview ................................................................... 120 Regulatory Measures - TEPCO Resumed Operation .............................. 123 Legal Cases Against Reactor Restarts and Operation ......................... 132 Spent Fuel Management: Aomori Prefecture Refuses Spent Fuel Shipments to Mutsu Interim Storage Facility ........................................ 135 Closed Power Reactors in Japan ............................................. 137 Prospects for Nuclear Power vs. Renewable Energy Deployment ................ 139 POLAND FOCUS ................................................................. 140 The Pomeranian Project (Lubiatowo-Kopalino) ................................. 140 A Second Nuclear Power Plant Project (Bełchatów or Konin-Pątnów) ........... 144 Perspectives on SMR Deployment ............................................. 146 Energy Policy .............................................................. 150 RUSSIA FOCUS ................................................................. 151 Overview ................................................................... 151 Lifetime Extensions ........................................................ 153 Nuclear Newbuild ........................................................... 157 Reactor Exports ............................................................ 161 Nuclear Interdependencies and Sanctions .................................... 166 SOUTH KOREA FOCUS ............................................................ 170 Introduction: From Long-term Nuclear Phaseout to Newbuild .................. 170 Three Major Megaprojects: Electricity Demand Driven by AI, Semiconductors, and Data Center Expansion ................................ 174 Operating Fleet ............................................................ 175 Increasingly Aging Power Plants ............................................ 177 Reactors Under Construction and Planned .................................... 179 Overseas Markets ........................................................... 180 Launch of the High-Level Radioactive Waste Management Commission ........... 183 SMRs: Roadmap for R&D and Regulatory Framework Development ................. 184 SWEDEN FOCUS ................................................................. 186 Lifetime Extensions for an Aging, Underperforming, Fleet? .................. 186 Swedish Nuclear Policy Reversal - Embracing Newbuild ....................... 189 Sweden's SMR Ambitions ..................................................... 194 Big Hydro, Small Solar ..................................................... 197 TAIWAN FOCUS ................................................................. 198 Nuclear Restart Under Review with Conditions ............................... 199 Local Briefing as a Site of Contestation of Nuclear Restart ................ 201 The Potential Restart of Maanshan .......................................... 203 Spent Fuel Management - Pools and Dry Storage .............................. 204 Final Disposal: Institutional Inertia ...................................... 206 Public Attitude: Less Support for Nuclear-Free Homeland Policy ............. 207 Energy Security ............................................................ 207 TÜRKIYE FOCUS ................................................................ 209 Financial Issues ........................................................... 210 Akkuyu Update .............................................................. 211 Criticisms ................................................................. 213 Further Newbuild Plans ..................................................... 214 Nuclear 'Made in Türkiye' .................................................. 216 Energy Outlook ............................................................. 217 UKRAINE FOCUS ................................................................ 220 Newbuild Projects .......................................................... 221 Energoatom Corruption Scandal .............................................. 224 Reducing Russia Dependencies ............................................... 226 Power Sector Under War Conditions .......................................... 227 Russian Attacks on Nuclear Facilities ...................................... 230 UNITED KINGDOM FOCUS ......................................................... 233 Operational Fleet .......................................................... 233 UK Power Mix and Energy Policy ............................................. 237 Nuclear Newbuild ........................................................... 239 UNITED STATES FOCUS .......................................................... 254 Overview ................................................................... 254 Subsidies and Financing for Nuclear Power .................................. 258 Extended Reactor Licenses .................................................. 262 Reactor Closures, Proposed Restarts, and Power Uprates ..................... 263 New Reactors: Proposals, Planning, and Policy Developments ................. 269 Industry Restructuring and Emerging Business Models ........................ 273 Criminal Investigations of Nuclear Power Corporations ...................... 276 Conclusion ................................................................. 279 FUKUSHIMA STATUS REPORT ........................................................ 281 ONSITE CHALLENGES ............................................................ 281 Removing Highly Radioactive Nuclear Fuel Debris ............................ 281 Peering Inside the Damaged Reactors ........................................ 282 Contaminated Water ......................................................... 288 Worker Safety .............................................................. 289 OFFSITE CHALLENGES ........................................................... 289 Dealing with Contaminated Soil ............................................. 289 Monitoring Water and Food .................................................. 290 Health Issues .............................................................. 294 Legal Cases, Compensation .................................................. 308 DECOMMISSIONING STATUS REPORT .................................................. 310 INTRODUCTION ................................................................. 310 Elements of National Decommissioning Policies .............................. 310 GLOBAL OVERVIEW .............................................................. 312 Decommissioning Worldwide .................................................. 312 Overview of Reactors with Completed Decommissioning ........................ 314 Overview of Ongoing Reactor Decommissioning ................................ 315 CONCLUSION ON REACTOR DECOMMISSIONING ........................................ 351 POTENTIAL NEWCOMER COUNTRIES ................................................... 353 POTENTIAL NEWCOMER COUNTRIES WITH ACTIVE REACTOR CONSTRUCTION ................ 353 Bangladesh ................................................................. 353 Egypt ...................................................................... 360 Uzbekistan ................................................................. 361 POTENTIAL NUCLEAR NEWCOMER COUNTRIES IN AFRICA ............................... 364 Ghana ...................................................................... 366 Kenya ...................................................................... 367 Nigeria .................................................................... 368 Uganda ..................................................................... 369 OTHER EXAMPLES ............................................................... 370 Jordan ..................................................................... 370 Kazakhstan ................................................................. 371 Saudi Arabia ............................................................... 377 RUSSIA NUCLEAR INTERDEPENDENCIES ............................................... 379 RUSSIA'S ROLE IN THE GLOBAL NUCLEAR FUEL SUPPLY CHAIN ........................ 379 Enriched Uranium Trade: Russia-China-United States ......................... 380 Fuel Supply Services to the European Union ................................. 382 Fuel Manufacturing for Russian Designed Reactors in the EU ................. 383 Framatome and VVER Fuel Manufacturing in Lingen and Romans-sur-Isère ........ 389 RUSSIA'S DEPENDENCIES AND POTENTIAL SANCTIONS ................................ 391 SMALL MODULAR REACTORS (SMRS) .................................................. 395 INTRODUCTION ................................................................. 395 CLAIMED ADVANTAGES OF SMRs ................................................... 396 Size ....................................................................... 396 Modular Designs with Components Built on Production Lines .................. 396 Safety ..................................................................... 397 Waste Production ........................................................... 397 Siting ..................................................................... 397 PROPOSED DESIGNS ............................................................. 398 LWR Designs ................................................................ 399 Advanced Modular Reactor (AMR) Designs ..................................... 408 PROJECT DEVELOPMENTS BY COUNTRY .............................................. 415 Canada ..................................................................... 415 United States .............................................................. 415 United Kingdom ............................................................. 417 Czech Republic ............................................................. 419 Sweden ..................................................................... 419 EUROPEAN INDUSTRIAL ALLIANCE ON SMRs ......................................... 420 CONCLUSIONS .................................................................. 420 NUCLEAR POWER VS. RENEWABLE ENERGY DEPLOYMENT .................................. 422 INTRODUCTION ................................................................. 422 INTERESTING FACTS FROM AROUND THE GLOBE ...................................... 424 INVESTMENT ................................................................... 426 ELECTRICITY GENERATION COST DEVELOPMENT ...................................... 427 INSTALLED CAPACITY AND ELECTRICITY GENERATION ................................ 430 The Overall Picture ........................................................ 430 Photovoltaics and Batteries - The Game Changer Association ................. 434 Boom Behind the Meter ...................................................... 436 STATUS AND TRENDS IN CHINA, THE EUROPEAN UNION, INDIA, AND THE UNITED STATES . 438 China ...................................................................... 438 European Union ............................................................. 440 India ...................................................................... 442 United States .............................................................. 443 CONCLUSION ................................................................... 445 ANNEX 1 - OVERVIEW BY REGION AND COUNTRY ....................................... 447 AFRICA ....................................................................... 447 South Africa ............................................................... 447 THE AMERICAS ................................................................. 452 Argentina .................................................................. 452 Brazil ..................................................................... 458 Canada ..................................................................... 463 Mexico ..................................................................... 469 ASIA ......................................................................... 473 India ...................................................................... 473 Pakistan ................................................................... 481 MIDDLE EAST .................................................................. 483 Iran ....................................................................... 483 United Arab Emirates ....................................................... 486 EUROPEAN UNION (EU27) ........................................................ 488 WESTERN EUROPE ............................................................... 491 Belgium .................................................................... 492 Finland .................................................................... 498 The Netherlands ............................................................ 504 Spain ...................................................................... 511 Switzerland ................................................................ 515 CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE ................................................... 520 Bulgaria ................................................................... 520 Czech Republic ............................................................. 530 Romania .................................................................... 537 Slovakia ................................................................... 543 Slovenia ................................................................... 552 FORMER SOVIET UNION .......................................................... 558 Armenia .................................................................... 558 Belarus .................................................................... 562 ANNEX 2 - CHINESE NUCLEAR REACTOR FLEET ........................................ 569 ANNEX 3 - RUSSIA NUCLEAR INTERDEPENDENCIES ..................................... 572 ANNEX 4 - STATUS OF NUCLEAR POWER IN THE WORLD ................................. 576 ANNEX 5 - NUCLEAR REACTORS IN THE WORLD "UNDER CONSTRUCTION" ................... 577 ANNEX 6 - ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................ 586 ANNEX 7 - ABOUT THE AUTHORS .................................................... 591 ※ 본 정보는 게시일로부터 수정/변경될 수 있으므로, 정확한 내용은 아래 출처의 링크를 통해 확인하시기 바랍니다.
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