KETEP 세계에너지시장정보

Abstract ............................................................................ ii

Contents ............................................................................ iii

Figures ............................................................................. iii

Tables .............................................................................. iv

1. Introduction ..................................................................... 1
2. Why are existing tariff structures under strain ................................... 2
   2.1 The historical logic of traditional tariffs .................................. 2
   2.2 The growing strain from wholesale cost dynamics .............................. 3
   2.3 The growing strain from network and capacity costs ........................... 4
   2.4 The growing strain from consumer and technology heterogeneity ................ 5
   2.5 Policy-cost recovery as a source of tariff strain ............................ 6
   2.6 Why these pressures make tariff reform necessary ............................. 7

3. Comparative analysis of tariff designs ........................................... 7
   3.1 Analytical setup and comparison framework .................................... 7
   3.2 Cross-subsidies, distributional effects, and social equity .................... 8
   3.3 Electrification and flexible demand .......................................... 9
   3.4 DER uptake and technology incentives ......................................... 10
   3.5 Network reinforcement and DSO financial stability ............................ 11
   3.6 Energy efficiency and total system cost ...................................... 11
   3.7 Stylised simulation of tariff outcomes across household archetypes ........... 12
   3.8 Comparative synthesis ........................................................ 18

4. What the analysis reveals ........................................................ 19
   4.1 From energy volume to flexibility as the basis of retail outcomes ............ 19
   4.2 Why formally neutral tariffs still produce unequal outcomes .................. 19
   4.3 Tariff design as a condition for electrification ............................. 20
   4.4 Tariff design as implicit technology policy .................................. 20
   4.5 The grid as an underpriced insurance and balancing service ................... 21
   4.6 Why "cost-reflectivity" is socially mediated by automation and capital access .. 21
   4.7 What these findings imply for tariff reform .................................. 21

5. Conclusion ....................................................................... 23

References .......................................................................... 25