정책동향보고서
제목 | 글로벌) 태양 에너지 응용 프로그램을 위한 태양 자원 데이터의 수집 및 사용을 위한 모범 사례 핸드북: 제4판 | ||
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국가 | [글로벌] | 출처 | IEA-PVPS |
산업구분 | [태양에너지] | 등록일 | 2024.10.14 |
이 보고서는 태양광(PV), 태양열 난방 및 냉방, 태양광 발전(CSP)을 포함한 다양한 태양광 기술 전반에 걸쳐 태양광 자원 데이터를 얻고 적용하기 위한 모범 사례를 제공하는 보고서이다. 원문 제목 및 목차
제목 :
Best Practices Handbook for the Collection and Use of Solar Resource Data for Solar Energy Applications: Fourth Edition 원문목차 :
Foreword ...................................................................................................................................... vii Preface ........................................................................................................................................ viii Acknowledgments........................................................................................................................ x List of Acronyms .......................................................................................................................... xi 1 The Importance of Solar Resource Information for Solar Power .................................... 1-1 2 Overview of Solar Radiation Resource Concepts .......................................................... 2-1 2.1 Extraterrestrial Irradiance Spectrum .................................................................. 2-2 2.2 Solar Constant and Total Solar Irradiance ......................................................... 2-3 2.3 Sun-Earth Distance and Extraterrestrial Radiation ............................................ 2-5 2.4 Solar Radiation and the Earth’s Atmosphere ..................................................... 2-6 2.5 Solar Resource and Irradiance Components for Solar Energy Applications ..... 2-9 3 Measuring Solar Radiation ............................................................................................. 3-1 3.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 3-3 3.2 Radiometer Types .............................................................................................. 3-3 3.3 Rear Plane-of-Array Irradiance and Surface Albedo Measurements ................ 3-31 3.4 Measurand and Instrument Selection ................................................................ 3-43 3.5 Measurement Station Design Considerations ................................................... 3-52 3.6 Station and Network Operations ........................................................................ 3-60 4 Data Quality Assessment and Control ............................................................................ 4-1 4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 4-1 4.2 Automated Tests of Instantaneous Irradiance Data .......................................... 4-3 4.3 Daily Visual Inspection of Irradiation Data ......................................................... 4-16 4.4 Long-Term Irradiation Data ................................................................................ 4-19 4.5 Methods for Other Types of Instruments ........................................................... 4-21 4.6 Data Quality Cycle ............................................................................................. 4-23 4.7 Outlook ............................................................................................................... 4-24 5 Further Relevant Meteorological Parameters ................................................................. 5-1 5.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 5-2 5.2 Wind ................................................................................................................... 5-3 5.3 Ambient Air Temperature and Relative Humidity ............................................... 5-5 5.4 Atmospheric Pressure ........................................................................................ 5-6 5.5 Precipitation ....................................................................................................... 5-7 5.6 Aerosols and Water Vapor ................................................................................. 5-9 5.7 Spectral Irradiance ............................................................................................. 5-11 5.8 Ultraviolet Irradiance .......................................................................................... 5-15 5.9 Soiling ................................................................................................................ 5-17 5.10 Circumsolar Radiation ........................................................................................ 5-22 5.11 Beam Attenuation Between Heliostats and Receivers in Tower Power Plants . 5-23 5.12 Surface Albedo ................................................................................................... 5-25 5.13 Other Parameters Relevant for Agrivoltaics ...................................................... 5-26 6 Solar Resource Variability .............................................................................................. 6-1 6.1 Introduction and Background ............................................................................. 6-1 6.2 Temporal Variability ........................................................................................... 6-2 6.3 Spatial Variability ................................................................................................ 6-15 6.4 Evaluation of the Variability of the Solar Resource ............................................ 6-15 6.5 Temporal Variability and Resolution .................................................................. 6-22 6.6 Variability of Solar Energy Production ............................................................... 6-23 7 Modeling Solar Radiation: Current Practices .................................................................. 7-1 7.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 7-1 7.2 Radiative Transfer Models ................................................................................. 7-2 7.3 Other Irradiance Models for Solar Energy Applications ..................................... 7-6 7.4 Introduction to Satellite-Based Models .............................................................. 7-7 7.5 Numerical Weather Prediction-Based Solar Radiation Estimates ..................... 7-17 7.6 Site Adaptation: Merging Measured and Modeled Data .................................... 7-18 7.7 Conclusions ........................................................................................................ 7-20 8 Solar Resource Models and Data ................................................................................... 8-1 8.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 8-1 8.2 Solar Resource Data Characteristics ................................................................. 8-2 8.3 Solar Resource Data Long-Term and Typical Meteorological Datasets ........... 8-3 8.4 Solar Resource Data Key Considerations ......................................................... 8-4 8.5 Solar Resource Data Resolution ........................................................................ 8-5 9 Forecasting Solar Radiation and Photovoltaic Power .................................................... 9-1 9.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 9-3 9.2 Time-Series Forecasting Based on Measurements ........................................... 9-7 9.3 Irradiance Forecasting Based on Cloud Images ................................................ 9-11 9.4 Numerical Weather Prediction ........................................................................... 9-25 9.5 Postprocessing and Model Blending With Statistical and Machine Learning Methods ........ 9-33 9.6 PV Power Forecasting ....................................................................................... 9-39 9.7 Probabilistic Solar Forecasts ............................................................................. 9-54 9.8 Summary and Recommendations for Irradiance Forecasting ........................... 9-60 10 Principles and Practical Methods for Estimating Uncertainty and Evaluating Solar Irradiance Data .......... 10-1 10.1 Introductory Outline ............................................................................................ 10-2 10.2 Basic Uncertainty Concepts ............................................................................... 10-4 10.3 Estimating Measurement Uncertainty ................................................................ 10-12 10.4 Estimating the Uncertainty of Modeled/Predicted Datasets .............................. 10-21 10.5 Modeled Data Uncertainty Estimation Challenges ............................................ 10-26 10.6 Evaluation and Uncertainty of Irradiance and PV Power Forecasts .................. 10-28 10.7 Available Diagnostic Tools ................................................................................. 10-40 11 Applying Solar Resource Data to Solar Energy Projects ............................................... 11-1 11.1 Introduction and Background ............................................................................. 11-4 11.2 Prefeasibility Stage ............................................................................................ 11-6 11.3 Feasibility Study Stage ...................................................................................... 11-11 11.4 Due Diligence and Acceptance Stage ............................................................... 11-17 11.5 Operation Stage ................................................................................................. 11-18 11.6 Yield Estimation Methodologies ......................................................................... 11-25 11.7 Power Output Variability .................................................................................... 11-31 11.8 Data Bankability ................................................................................................. 11-34 11.9 Applying Solar Resource Data to Other Types of Solar Energy Projects .......... 11-36 12 Future Work .................................................................................................................... 12-1 12.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 12-1 12.2 Meteorological Data for Advanced, Integrated, and Upcoming Technologies .. 12-2 12.3 Effects of Climate Change on Radiation and Solar Energy Production ............. 12-3 12.4 Forecasting Solar Radiation and Solar Power, Before and Behind the Meter, Based on New Machine-Learning Techniques .... 12-
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