KETEP 세계에너지시장정보

Abstract ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 

Foreword .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 

Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................................................................................. 5 

Executive summary .............................................................................................................................................................................. 6 

1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 9 

2 Overall competitiveness of the EU clean energy sector ....................................................................................... 10 
 2.1 Energy and resource trends ........................................................................................................................................ 10 
  2.1.1 Energy consumption, GHG intensity and renewable energy share ......................................... 10 
  2.1.2 Production and trade ........................................................................................................................................ 12 
  2.1.3 Levelised cost of electricity .......................................................................................................................... 15 
  2.1.4 Energy poverty and well-being ................................................................................................................... 16 
 2.2 Research and innovation trends ............................................................................................................................... 19 
  2.2.1 Public and private R&I spending ................................................................................................................ 19 
  2.2.2 Patenting Trends ................................................................................................................................................. 25 
  2.2.3 Scientific publications ...................................................................................................................................... 27 
  2.2.4 Venture Capital investment .......................................................................................................................... 29 
  2.2.5 Coordinating R&I efforts in the EU and global context ................................................................. 35 
 2.3 Human Capital and Skills ............................................................................................................................................. 37 
 2.4 Gross Value Added and Labour Productivity ..................................................................................................... 41 

3 Strategic analysis ........................................................................................................................................................................ 43 
 3.1 Industrial value chains and critical materials ................................................................................................... 43 
 3.2 Sustainability ....................................................................................................................................................................... 47 
  3.2.1 CETO sustainability assessment framework ....................................................................................... 47 
  3.2.2 Cross-technology perspective: climate change (carbon footprint) ......................................... 49 
 3.3 SWOT analysis .................................................................................................................................................................... 53 

4 Conclusions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 54 

5 References ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 56 

List of abbreviations and definitions ...................................................................................................................................... 59 

List of boxes.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 61 

List of figures ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 62 

List of tables ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 64 

Annexes ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 65 
 Annex 1 CETO report series 2024 ............................................................................................................................................ 66