KETEP 세계에너지시장정보

Abstract ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 

Foreword .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 

Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................................................................................. 4 

Executive summary .............................................................................................................................................................................. 5 

1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 
 1.1 Scope .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 
 1.2 Geopolitical context and the role of photovoltaics ........................................................................................... 7 
 1.3 EU Policy context and targets ....................................................................................................................................... 8 
 1.4 The solar PV value chain ................................................................................................................................................. 9 


2 Supply chain mapping and risk analysis ........................................................................................................................ 13 
 2.1 Principal PV materials .................................................................................................................................................... 13 
 2.2 Processing steps for PV system components ................................................................................................... 25 

3 Material demand analysis ...................................................................................................................................................... 28 
 3.1 Scenarios ............................................................................................................................................................................... 28 
 3.2 Results .................................................................................................................................................................................... 39 

4 Vulnerabilities................................................................................................................................................................................ 47 
 4.1 Concentration of Supply ............................................................................................................................................... 47 
 4.2 Trade and responsible sourcing ................................................................................................................................ 48 

5 Mitigation measures .................................................................................................................................................................. 50 
 5.1 EU Recycling and circularity challenges ............................................................................................................... 50 
 5.2 Substitution and other applications ....................................................................................................................... 60 
 5.3 Other mitigation measures ......................................................................................................................................... 63 
 5.4 Chinese industry and policies for PV circularity and sustainability ...................................................... 64 
 

6 Trends and policy considerations ....................................................................................................................................... 72 

7 Conclusions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 74 

References ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 76 

List of abbreviations and definitions ...................................................................................................................................... 88 

List of figures ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 90 

List of tables ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 92 

Annexes ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 93 
 Annex 1. Overall demand – supply results for materials not included in the main analysis.................. 94 
 Annex 2. EU PV recyclers ............................................................................................................................................................... 95