KETEP 세계에너지시장정보

LIST OF FIGURES 4

LIST OF TABLES 5

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 6

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 8

1. KEY ELEMENTS OF THE DELEGATED ACT 12
 1.1. Methodology to calculate emissions intensity of fuels 13
 1.2. Production pathways included and excluded in the DA 14
 1.3. Hydrogen Leaks 16

2. DELEGATED ACT IMPACT ON HYDROGEN ECONOMY 17
 2.1. Role of the Delegated Act 17
 2.2. Industrial and market implications 18
 2.3. State of clean hydrogen production in Europe 19

3. FOSSIL EMISSIONS ACCOUNTING IN THE DELEGATED ACT 21
 3.1. Natural gas pathway 22
  3.1.1. Overview of natural gas emissions factor options 22
  3.1.2. Comparing the DA default values with other studies 23 
  3.1.3. Deep dive methane intensity 24
  3.1.4. LNG liquefaction and transportation 29
 3.2. Electrolytic pathway 30
  3.2.1. Overview of electricity emissions factor accounting options 30
  3.2.2. Non-renewable power sources and grid sourcing 31
  3.2.3. Integration of dedicated RFNBO-Eligible Electricity Sourcing 33
  3.2.4. Indirect emissions for LCF production 33

4. DELEGATED ACT IMPACT ON HYDROGEN PRODUCTION COSTS 35
 4.1. Overview of cost analysis 36
 4.2. Cost of natural gas pathways 36
  4.2.1. Impact of natural gas price 37
  4.2.2. Impact of plant and equipment cost 38
  4.2.3. Impact of CO2 transport and storage cost 39
  4.2.4. Variation by country 40
  4.2.5. Retrofitting existing SMR facilities 40
 4.3. Cost of electrolytic pathways 40
  4.3.1. Impact of plant and electricity cost on electrolytic hydrogen production 41
  4.3.2. Impact of limits on carbon intensity of grid electricity on cost 43
 4.4. Outlook on future cost developments 50

REFERENCES 52

ANNEX 1: COSTING METHODOLOGY 56
 1. Levelised Cost Equation 56
 2. Cost assumptions for natural gas-based hydrogen production 56
 3. Cost assumptions for electrolytic pathways 59
 4. Chemical properties 66

ANNEX 2: GHG METHODOLOGY 67
 B1. Oil Climate Index Method 67
 B2. Background data GHG calculation 68